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Takashi Fujimura's essay: Hitchcock-Hawksianism

John Ford　Function-Movement Relationship Chart

■ "STRAIGHT SHOOTING" (1917) 70 minutes 9/8
The ground is to scatter smoke (very much). The ridgeline is to make people and horses appear. The trees are for people to climb and sit on the branches, and also to sway in the wind (many times and violently). The axe is for dropping and setting down. The trees are for casting shadows. The interior is to project silhouettes. The hat is for banging and setting down. The armrest is for people to sit on. Matches and cigarettes are for throwing away. The mantelpiece is for people to lean against. Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke. The trees are for sticking posters on, and for people to climb inside. The slope is for riding horses down and exhaling smoke (there's a lot of smoke). The ground is for people to sit on. The rain is for pouring down, and for the drops to drip from the brim of the hat. The hat is for banging off the raindrops. The raincoat is for throwing down. The counter is wiped so that alcohol can be poured over your head. Toothpicks are for chewing and throwing away. Handshakes are for swinging around. Gloves are for biting onto. Windows are for people to come and go. Chairs are for kicking off. Roofs are for people to jump onto horses from. Guns are for emitting smoke (that's pretty impressive too). Swing doors are for kicking open. Counters are for people to climb over. Powder is for throwing at people's heads. Pants are for tucking guns into. Powder is for dousing people's heads. Torturing bartenders is to have the sheriff arrest them and then release them immediately to show the rancher's power. Barbed wire is for people to crawl under. River water is for scooping up to create ripples and for people to fall into and splash. Going to fetch water is for getting shot in the back and killed. Grass is for swaying in the wind. Rivers are for riding horses across and splashing (many times and quite violently). Trees are for stopping horses. Gravestones are for people to cling to. Trees are for people to lean on. Hats are for taking off. Scarves are for fluttering in the wind. Fallen trees are for people to step over. The old man strangles the gunman so he will pass out and be cared for. Hats are for dropping. Curtains are for fluttering in the wind. Doors are for people to lean on. The son is shot and killed in the back so the gunman will side with the rancher. Plates are for stroking, hugging, kissing, and putting away. Chests are for stroking. Heads are for scratching (Harry Carey scratches his head many times). Pillars are for people to lean on. Swinging doors are for making people appear and disappear. Residents are for running away. Walls are for people to hide. Hats are decoys. Walls are pillows. Horse tails are for grabbing. Trees project silhouettes. Fallen trees are for people to sit on. Hats are for waving. Tablecloths and hair are for fluttering in the wind. Railings are for people to climb over. Light forms sashes. Tables are for people to sit on. Horses come and go to create smoke on the ground (which is the only reason they're being moved). Leaves are placed in the foreground of the screen. Trees are for people to hide behind. Windows, lamps, dishes, and water jars are shot and shattered. Trees are shot through. Horses and people rotate in a circle. Tables are barricades, and people lean against them. Trees are for people to fall from. Horses are for people to be thrown off, and also for people to be left hanging in mid-air. Lassos are used to drag people. Horses pull people up. Blinds are made to sway in the wind. Clothes are used to hold things. The elbow of the right arm is touched by the left hand (Harry Carey's habit). People are used as weights. People make mistakes. People leave so they don't leave.

■ "THE IRON HORSE" (1924) 131 minutes 8/29
The fence is for people to sit on and to cast shade. The cigarette is for exhaling smoke (very many times). The tree is for people to lean on (they lean on it brilliantly). The surveyor is for making the girl fall so the boy can save her. Looking away is for giving the children a chance to say goodbye. The bonfire is for producing smoke (the smoke is amazing). The tree branches are for people to lean on and to hit the pipe. The fallen tree is for people to sit on, step over, stand on, and hide in its shadow. The tree branches are for crushing. The axe is stuck into the fallen tree so that the person will be killed by the axe. The gun is for exhaling smoke (this is also amazing). The scalp is for skinning. Two fingers are for identifying the person. The father is killed so that the successor can take over. The shovel is for knocking things over. The ground is for people to cling to. The dirt is for people to grab onto. The grown-up daughter has her back turned so that a dramatic shot can be taken when she turns around. The slope is for people and horses to push and pull the train. The trees are for cutting down. The dirt is for shoveling. Leveling the dirt is for rhythm and song, and for being interrupted by the Indians. The train is for spewing smoke (amazing). The hat is for waving (amazing in the last scene too). The head is for scratching (scratching with the hand that has taken off the hat). The hammer is for striking. The tracks are for people to walk on. The grass is for people to hide. The snow is for falling. The tent is for swaying in the wind. The rope is for making people fall. The wood is for stopping the train. The train is for projecting the shadows of people and horses, for piercing arrows, and for climbing. The telephone pole is for making people fall. The cloth is for swinging. People and horses breathe white air. Handshakes are not done with the right hand. Tools are thrown away. People are pushed aside (John Ford often does this). Indians attack a train loaded with wages to get the workers on strike and persuade the daughter. Hats are taken off. Trains are for people to stand on. Ears are pulled. Playing cards are slammed down. Alcohol is splashed in the face. Counters are for people to stand on. Saloons become courtrooms. Dancers flirt with gamblers to shoot them and show their character (the women are released immediately). Chairs are for resting feet on. Books are for throwing down. Barrels are for people to sit on. Lawsuits are dismissed. Counters are for people to climb over. Towels are for dropping down. Horses are for throwing people off. Trains are for jumping on. The young man is chased by Indians so he can be reunited with his daughter on a train. The Indian attack is to make the reunion of the young man and woman dramatic by making them crouch down. The hat is to make them fall. The father calls out his daughter's name to let the young man know her name. The ground is to cast shadows. The chimney is to emit smoke. The price tags are to be rewritten. The furniture, saloons, and towns are to be moved. The train smoke casts shadows. The dirt is to be thrown down with a shovel and emit smoke. The trees are to tie ropes to. The valleys are for people to fall into. The trees act as cushions. The ground is to scatter smoke. They get married for divorce. The clothes are for storage. People are to be overturned chair and all. They prick their buttocks with needles to relieve toothaches. The tables are for people to sit on. The shortcut is so that the landlord's hired fiancée can have a dancer seduce the young man and cause a duel. The walls are for people to lean against. The shovel is to throw down. The pillars are for people to lean against. The hat is to hit people. Notes are to be thrown down. Bags are to be dropped to attract attention and shake hands, and also to be slammed down. Chewing tobacco is to be unable to spit it out and get out. Hats are to be slammed down. Mirrors are to be taken off. Playing cards are to be dropped. People make mistakes. Guns are to be thrown down. Hats are to have their brims rolled up. Guns cannot be fired. Handshakes are not practiced. The young man turns his back to let himself be shot in the back and to duel. Chairs are to knock guns out of people's hands. Tables are to tip over people and their bodies. Clothes are to be torn. Hats are to be knocked off. Tents are to project silhouettes and for people to break into. The duel is to anger the girl, forcing the young man to head west and reunite with her coming from the east. Slopes are for riding horses down. Flags are for waving. The surface of the water is a mirror. Cows cross rivers. Arrows are to be thrown away. Knees are on beds. The space under trains is for people to hide. Canteens are for being shot and spilling water. Indians form a circle. Corpses become pillows for dogs. Trains are for pushing people off. Rifles are for throwing. Workers don't accompany the group so that the women can join the fight. Cattle are made to rampage and make the workers fight. People are used as shields. Building blocks are for people to hide in, as shields, for being shot and emitting smoke, for casting shadows, and for the fighting arena. Pickaxes are held to show two fingers to the young man, and for stabbing into walls. Wheels are for people to climb on. Opening the tracks is for not noticing. Rails are for touching, for people to sit on, and for walking on. Umbrellas are for waving. Ribbons are for fluttering in the wind. Bottles are for breaking and getting yelled at. The rail connections represent human marriages.

■ "3 Bad Men" (1926) 90 minutes 7/27
The water surface is for reflection. Boats are for projecting silhouettes. Trees sway in the wind, and to knock things down. Chimneys emit smoke. Flags flutter in the wind. Gold to start motion. Horses are for people to sit on, and to slide down. Sails are for people to lean on. The carriage wheels come off to bring the young man and girl together. Wheels make people gaze at each other, and for people to lean on. The harmonica becomes a mirror. The mud on the girl's nose brings her closer to the young man. The carriage steps are for people to sit on. The underside of the carriage is to show feet. They don't kiss. The horse and man project silhouettes. They don't get cigarettes. The ground is to scatter smoke (horrible). The scarf becomes a mask. The gun emits smoke (horrible). Horses make people fall off. Hats are to be dropped. The covered wagon is attacked to kill the father and make the three villains take care of the daughter. The gun is to be thrown. Horses are to prevent theft. Signs are hat racks. Ladders are to prevent people from bumping into them. Hats are for shaking. Stakes are hat racks. Cups are for knocking things down. Wagons are for people to lean on. The watering hole is for the sheriff to tell his daughter the identities of the three bad guys. Campfires and cigarettes are for exhaling smoke. Hats are for taking off. Ropes are for people to crawl under. Bullets are for biting. People are for pulling down. Liquor bottles are for shooting and smashing to exhale smoke. Stairs are for people to sit on. People are for knocking over. Because getting drunk and shooting guns is not befitting of his daughter, and also to find her husband. Saddles are chairs. Chairs are for people to lean on. The husband won't be found. Hats are for taking off and putting on. The backs of the knees are for pushing. Hats are for putting guns in. Tables are for tipping over. Trousers are for holding books and wiping hands. The ladle is for throwing water away. The railing is for throwing people off. The counter is for people to climb over. The chair is for throwing things and for hitting people. The water jar is for shooting and smashing to spill water and shake the rope. The fight is for introducing the young man to the bad guy. The bag is for throwing things down. The toolbox is for people to sit on. The gloves are for biting. The young man talks with the bad guy so that he turns around and is surprised to see the girl. The young man asks about the girl's whereabouts so that he can kiss her. The paper is for tearing. The hot water is for emitting smoke. The birdcage is for blindfolding. The barrel becomes a bathtub. The guard drinks alcohol so that the young man can peek at the girl. The hat is for dropping. The girl takes a bath so that the young man can get together with another woman. The harmonica is for identifying people. The young man has his back to the tent so that he mistakes the blindfolded woman for his girl and makes her jealous. Her chest becomes a pillow. Combing hair is to surprise the young man and woman. The harmonica is to be thrown away. The gun is fired for the light. The man who digs for gold is to be shot and killed. The ground is for people to sit on. The table is for people to stand on. The cup is to be thrown down. The wall is for people to lean against. The covered wagon is to be burned and rolled down the slope, crashing into the church and burning it. The fire is to emit smoke. The pastor leaves the church so that his sister, who helped him, can be killed. The rifle is to be smashed through the windows. The windows are for people to come and go. The baby is to be thrown. The torch is to emit smoke. The clothes are to be thrown down. The church is burned down to reunite the villain and his sister, and to allow the young man to rescue the girl. The door is to be smashed down and passed through. The saloon becomes the stable. The torch is to be thrown away. The scarf is to flutter in the wind. The hoe is left behind so that it can be taken. They huddle together to be startled by the trumpet. Wooden crates serve as backrests. Falling off a horse allows for being picked up. Carriages are designed to tip over. Slopes are for people to tumble down. Wheels come off and roll away. A tipping carriage makes people forget the baby and allows for picking them up. Bumps and uneven surfaces throw people and carriages into the air. They stomp on the ground to notice the soil's texture. Chewing tobacco is shared. Hats hold playing cards. Playing cards are thrown away. Fallen trees serve as shields. Rocks provide cover and support. Guns are for dropping. Chests are for beating. Signs are thrown aside. The sign on the gunpowder shed was removed so the enemy wouldn't know there was gunpowder inside. Window frames serve as frames. Gun barrels are for marking lines. Beards are thrown away. Walls are for shooting through. Rifles are for knocking down. Boots are for taking off and throwing away. Cans are for people to lean on. Many people enter the hut to be blown up together. The explosion is to kick up a huge cloud of dust. The young man insists on staying so he can be beaten unconscious. People are for carrying. Hats are for taking off. Light forms a sash. The canyon is for people to stand in one by one. The grass is for swaying in the wind.

■ "UPSTREAM" (1927) 60 minutes 9/5
Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke (tremendously). Knives are for shining. Cigarettes are for smoking and kissing. Ties are for tying. Walls are for people to lean against. Machines are for exhaling smoke. Hats are for slamming down and taking off (often taken off). Stairs are for sticking gum. People are for bumping into each other. Stairs are for showing off women's legs. Dancing is for shaking the chandelier downstairs and for collapsing the ceiling and scattering smoke. Newspapers are for rolling up and hitting people on the head. Condiments, bread, and bananas are for fighting over. Feet are for touching legs. Tables are for banging. Fingers are for snapping. Cheeks are for pinching. Chairs are for people to sit on and for people to stand on. So you won't get scouted. Handshakes are for using napkins. Mirrors are for wiping. Doors are for people to lean against. Breath is for exhaling white. Meals are for bringing everyone together. The skull toothpick holder is for reciting Hamlet's lines. Grills are for casting shadows. The floor is for stomping. Shields are for dropping. Spears are for knocking down and leaving. Confessions of love turn into requests for loans. Stockings are for holding bills. You can't accompany them. Trunks are for knocking down. Dance is for escaping from people. Letters don't come. Racks are for fiddling. Mantelpieces are for people to lean against. Scripts are for slamming down. Applause is to be clapped. A vase? is to be thrown. A cape is to put away a statue. A newspaper is to be dropped and left there. Lights are to be made to flash. Flowers are to be given to a woman and then dropped and thrown away. Cars are to emit smoke. Candles are to be blown around in the wind. A trunk is to be knocked over. Lines are to be repeated (WHAT!). Heads are to be scratched. Rent is not to be paid. Monogles are to be dropped. Dances are to be interrupted and people fall. Decorations are to be blown around. People are to block people. Flashes emit light and smoke, and people emerge from the smoke. Bouquets are to be dropped and picked up. Flower bouquets are to be thrown. A wedding becomes a welcome party for men. Hats are to be exchanged. Favors are to be forgotten. Bouquets are to be thrown. There are no guests. The party is on the second floor to leave the ex-lovers alone together. Flowers are to be dropped. Butts are to be kicked. Stairs are for making people tumble down and perform acrobatics. The bride goes to the second floor to make the man tumble down the stairs. People are for jumping over. Hats are for waving. Cameramen are for filming stars tumble down the stairs.

■ "FOUR SONS" (1928) 96 minutes 8/25
Beards are for slicking back down. Hats are for taking off (everyone takes off their hats frequently). Canes are for dropping and picking up. Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke. Chess is for teasing. Trees are for swaying in the wind. Laundry is for putting in drawers and introducing the four sons. Grass is for chewing. Trees cast shade. Furnaces are for exhaling smoke. Forging iron is for exhaling sparks and smoke. Heated iron is for exhaling smoke when placed in water. Walls are for people to lean against. Letters are for reading upside down. Trains are for spewing smoke (it's tremendous). Matches are for throwing away. Monogles are for taking off. Buttons are for forgetting to button them before buttoning them. Straw is for scattering over the commander's head and getting hit. Carriages are for scattering straw and jumping out. Hats are for dusting. Hot water is for emitting smoke. Trees are for casting shadows. Guests are for being chased away. Hats are for throwing. Birthday parties are for announcing the father's absence and for bringing the four sons together one last time. Monogles are for dropping. Teacups are for hiding stacks of money. Beer foam is for blowing away. Speeches are for being interrupted. Paper is for slamming down. Chairs are for people to lean on. Hats are for people to sit on. Hats are for waving. The ground is for people to sit on. Cars are for emitting smoke. Butts are for spanking. Armrests are for people to sit on. The second son emigrates to America so he can serve as an American soldier and be with his German son, the fourth son, and so that his mother can go to America and be reunited with him. Swings are for swinging. Clouds are for gathering. Glasses are for smashing. Helmets are for maintenance. Hands are for casting shadows on faces. Bells are for swinging. Light becomes a ribbon. Flags are to be waved. Confetti falls. Porches are for people to sit on. Handkerchiefs are for waving. Dogs are for putting hats on. Cats cross the road and get killed by the commander. Flowers are for throwing and scattering. Train roofs are for people to sit on. Champagne bottles are for bubbles to pop. Hats are for putting liquor in and wearing. Shop windows are for dusting. Brooms become spears. You can't play war games. Bathtubs are for dropping and splashing water everywhere. Brooms become rifles. Ears are for holding pencils. Walls project shadows and for people to lean against. Envelopes and letters are for dropping. Birds fly away. Stones are for throwing into the river and creating ripples. The water surface becomes a mirror. Mothers wrap Christmas presents so that black-bordered letters can be delivered there. Friend lights cigarette on the open upper deck of bus so that his best friend sitting beside him won't notice him bending over to shield him from the wind. Pots blow smoke out. Firewood and hats are for throwing down. Umbrellas provide cover. There is no cake. Rations are for giving to children. Headlights project light. Candles become matches. Walking sticks are for poking people. Campfires create smoke. The shepherd's fourth son has his head shaved (like a sheep). Crowds separate people. High windows make the mother stretch to allow the fourth son to lean out. Lamps flicker. Fog rolls in. Stone walls serve as shields. People crawl on the ground. The fourth son is the only one of the brothers with blonde curly hair so that when the second son sees him again on the battlefield, he won't recognize him as the fourth son. The commander shaves the fourth son's head (it seems the ruthless commander was created for the sake of the initial reunion scene between the brothers on the battlefield). The pendant is to identify the person. The leaves and people are to project silhouettes. The cups and other items are to be thrown aside. The clothes become dishcloths. The belt and clothes are to be thrown aside. The toolbox is opened and organized so the lid can block the approach of the delivery person. The cigarettes are to be thrown away. The glass becomes a mirror. The hat becomes a fan. The knife becomes a spoon. The bread is to be thrown. The rocking chair rocks. The letter is handed over so it can be snatched. The letter doesn't appear so that the delivery person can arrive in time. The mother can't read so that it serves as a reminder that she still raised four sons. The letter is to be read aloud and to be kissed. Three of the sons die so that their mother can go to America. Looking away so that they can cheat. The skirt is to be pulled. Taking the girl to the toilet is meant to signal that the mother will remember or forget something unexpectedly. Entrusting the hat to the child is meant to signal that the hat will be placed on the train steps so the child can chase after it. The chair becomes a clothes rack. Stealing alcohol and food is meant to signal the similarity between mother and son. The boat is meant to emit smoke. Failing the test is meant to tire the mother out and lead to their reunion while she's sleeping on the sofa. The grid is meant to cast shadows. The train sways so the child can hold on to the straps. The crowded train and crowds are meant to exhaust the mother. The sidewalk is where people sit. Sitting on the sidewalk is meant to signal protection from the police. The raincoat reflects light. The table is where the cigar is placed. The empty bottle is meant to signal that the mother welcomed the police. The candle flickers in the wind. The fireplace shines light on the mother's face. The chair becomes a bed.

■ "HANGMAN'S HOUSE" (1928) 70 minutes 12/4
Trees sway in the wind. Cigarettes exhale smoke. Hats are for taking off. Letters are for clutching. Chimneys exhale smoke. Birds fly. Fireplace flames shield people from the camera. People are for projecting silhouettes. Fireplaces are for seeing illusions. Tree branches are for hitting your head and shaking. Mist rises (very much). Candles flicker in the wind. Guests are informed of the informer's identity by the butler. Alcohol is for drinking (simply). Trees project silhouettes and shield people from the camera (like when McLaglen moves sideways). Lights are lit to identify events. Hats are for clutching. Arms are for readjusting. Signatures are for re-signing. Candlesticks are for people to cling to. The walking stick is for brandishing. The candle is for scattering smoke. The handkerchief is for dropping. The walking stick is for knocking over and dropping. Standing is for not being able to stand. Drinking alcohol is for throwing the bottle in front of the mirror at the man in the mirror and breaking the window. Leaving is for being called back and turning around. Doors are for locking people out. Dogs are for barking and as a barrier. The whip is for letting the horse lick it. The ground is for scattering smoke (constantly). Walls are for people to sit on and for people to lean against. The ground is for people to sit on. Fences are for people to lean against. Questions are for making people lie and letting their wives hear. Bullets are for charity. Hats are for waving (often waving). Horses are for throwing people off and for jumping over obstacles (excessively). The water is for landing on horseback or dropping people into the water and creating splashes. Fences are for smashing (by extra John Wayne). Carts are for tilting the donkeys (John Wayne is riding in a cart here too). Horses are for jumping over. Hats are for throwing up. The jockey disappears so that the young man can take over, win, and have the informant shoot and kill the horse, isolating him. Walking sticks are for dropping. Robes are for casting shadows. Blankets are for slapping down. Alcohol is for opening the toolbox and noticing the gun on the underside of the lid. Bottles are for throwing away. Guns are for emitting smoke. Handshakes are not for shaking hands. Trucks are for swatting out informants. Cigarettes are for throwing away. Walking sticks are for smashing the counter. Pillars are for people to lean against. Coins are for throwing down. Glasses are for smashing, and then smashing again. Tables are for people to climb on. Wallets are for smashing down. Candles are for lighting cigarettes. Clothes are for dropping down. Chairs are for resting feet on. Carriages are for people to cling to. The bars are to cast shadows. The car is to have the rope pulled and break the iron bars. The wall is to make people fall. The machine gun is to emit smoke. The car is to crash through the gate. The water surface is to create shimmering light and ripples (like the moving shots of ships in the fog, reminiscent of Mizoguchi). The table is for people to sit on. The shoes are for striking matches. The menacing is to soften the mood. Clothes and scarves are for dropping and putting down. The whip is for hitting people. The book is for throwing down. The armrest is for people to sit on. The cart is for people to hide in. The luggage is for people to lean against. The kerosene-soaked handkerchief is for lighting a candle and throwing into the fireplace to burn. The receiver is for slamming down. The knife is for spinning, throwing and stabbing at the table, dropping and discarding, and throwing again. The candlestick is for knocking over and dropping things. The candle is placed on top of the luggage so that the young man who is pushed over will knock the luggage, candle and all, overturning it, setting the house on fire and spewing flames and smoke. The gun is to be dropped and discarded. The car steps are for people to stand on. The water surface becomes a mirror. The balcony is for people to collapse onto.

■ "BORN RECKLESS" (1930) 77 minutes 8/14
The spotlight is to project light. The hat is to be waved. The truck, vase? are to cast shadows on the wall. The light is to be turned off. The glass becomes a mirror. The gun is to scatter smoke. The pillar is to be crushed underneath. The suit is for changing clothes. The hat is to be thrown down. The record is to identify a person and also to stop it. The chin is to be slapped. Holding hands is to get the brother to leave. The customers are to be kicked out. The wall, table are for people to lean against. The cigarette is to scatter smoke. The "man with glasses" is to anger the sister's boyfriend. Hands are to identify the occupation. Wallets and documents are to be thrown down. Robbery and elections are to send the man to war. Watches are to be thrown. No one can interfere. Dust is to be brushed off. No one can smoke. A light is to be lit for you. Praising the soldier is to have the watch stolen. The officer's son gets his sister close to the man, then has the man's childhood friend kidnap the sister's child to create conflict between them. A ball is to break the windowpane and also to hit the officer's horse in the rear and make him fall off. A bat becomes a rifle. Wine becomes a woman. An armband is to be ripped off. Clothes are to be slammed down. A pot is to emit smoke. A bag is to be thrown away. A door is slammed shut to drop and break objects. A ring is to fall onto a woman's chest. A wheel is for people to climb on. The ground emits smoke. A woman giving a soldier a flower is to make him fall off his horse. Bombs are there to scatter smoke, to bang, and to destroy houses and scatter wood. Machine guns are there to bang. Carriages are there to overturn. Places are there to be mispronounced. Lines are there to be repeated. Medals are there to be thrown away. Hats are there to be dropped. Beds are there to put helmets under. Kitchen knives are there to stab into tables. Hats are there to put gloves in. Marriage is impossible. Tables are there to rest feet on. Languages ​​are there to switch between. Cigarettes are there to be thrown away (flicked with a finger and sent flying). Chairs are there to rest feet on. Guns are there to be thrown. Glass is there to shoot through. The informant is there to be killed by his childhood friend, so that his childhood friend can meet the man's family. They talk for a while to move the hands of the clock. Cigarettes are there to be dropped. Wooden boxes are there for people to sit on. Matches are there to be thrown away (flicked with a finger and sent flying in a parabolic arc, emitting smoke). Chairs are upside down. Counters are for banging. Labels are for changing. Fog is for rolling in. Whistles and bells are for ringing. Fences are for climbing over. Knives are for picking locks. Guns are for throwing down. Coats are for wrapping children. Curtains are for shooting through. Guns are for dropping, and for knocking over lamps and shooting them to shine in the darkness. People are for casting shadows on doors. Glasses are for dropping to signal a gunshot. Guns are for shooting through pockets. Swing doors are for opening and closing.

■ "SEAS BENEATH" (1931) 89 minutes 8/15
Typewriters are there to make noise. Cannon barrels are there for people to lean on. Submarines surface and submerge to create spray. Railings are there to step on. Photographs cannot be taken. Answers are mispronounced. Hats are there to wave. The ground is there to slip and fall, and also for people to sit on. Masts are there to cast shadows. Ladders are there to break, causing people to fall into the sea and create spray. Hats are there to be thrown away. Masts become diving platforms. Veteran soldiers cannot swim to emphasize the lieutenant who saved them. Sails are there to sway in the wind. Railings are there for people to sit on. Vegetables are there to be thrown, and also to blow people away along with their hats. Terraces are there to climb up and fall. Cigarettes are there for women to smoke, and also for exhaling smoke. Counters are there to be slammed. The reason photography is prohibited on the ship is so that women can act as interpreters to introduce you to the captain, and so that you can take commemorative photos with them. The frills are so they can sway in the wind. The chairs are for hanging clothes. The blinds are for raising. The matches are for throwing away. The walls are for people to lean against. The hats are for being snatched. The counters are for people to stand on. Cigarettes are for putting in your mouth and then taking out. The hats are for shaking off and throwing away. The railings are for hanging dresses and for people to sit on. The hats are for throwing down. The water surface is so it can sparkle. The walls are so they can cast shadows. The tables are for people to sit on. The rings are for identifying people. You can't talk. The railings are for jumping over. People and buildings are so they can cast silhouettes. The ship's whistle is so it can blare. The trees are so they can sway in the wind and cast shadows. The luggage is for people to lean against. You drink alcohol so that you'll miss the ship, jump into the sea, sneak onto an enemy supply ship, and get killed. Swimming is to make the water's surface shine brightly (shining brilliantly like sequins). Flags are to flutter in the wind. Hats are to be changed. Cargo is to hide people. The bottom of a ship is to be smashed with a hammer to flood it and create splashes, to sink the ship and create splashes, and to have the women rescued by the American forces and taken prisoner. Drums are to be burned and scatter black smoke. Black smoke casts shadows on the surface of the sea. Ropes are to cast shadows. Ribbons are to flutter in the wind. Luggage is to be dropped and left. Running away is because there is no escape. Nationality is to be mispronounced. Teasing is to be beaten. "Baby" is to be thrown. Periscopes are to cast shadows. Ships are to hide people. The ground is for people to lie on. Cannons are to emit smoke, create splashes, and roar. People jump into the sea to create a splash. Hats are for stacking. Butts are for kicking. Telephone receivers are for dropping. Hanging luggage swings. Cabins are for blowing up and scattering smoke and wood. Hoses are for splashing water on people's faces. Poles are for people to cling to. Cannons project silhouettes. Machine guns roar. Torpedoes propel splashes into the sea. Flooding creates a splash. People and ships project silhouettes.

■ "ARROWSMITH" (1931) 99 minutes 10/20
Experiments are for blowing bubbles. People and horses project silhouettes. Suggestions are ignored. Tables are for banging. Blinds are for raising. Walls are for people to lean against. Cigarettes exhale smoke (very smoky). English is spoken because they can't speak it. Babies cry loudly. People make mistakes. Rags are used for smashing. Nurses become cleaning ladies. People stand up to forget. Floor cleaning is for meeting men and sweeping away foam. Nurses passing by change the subject. Tables are for people to sit on. Levers are for hitting and pushing. No one can get in the way. Smoking is for making people cough and for inhaling germ-ridden cigarettes and dying. Books become stepping stools. Pillars are for people to lean on. Wooden boxes are for people to stand on. Curtains fall. Engines are hard to start. Headlights project light. Grilles cast shadows. Glasses slide (across the counter). Chairs are tilted. Food is not eaten. Gestures are imitated. Newspapers are burned. Chairs knock people over and pull out their decayed teeth. Coins are to throw. Clothes are to throw down. Pots are for emitting smoke. Smoke casts shadows. Matches are for throwing away. Pens are for holding in your mouth. You hit people so that you get hit. Pregnancy results in miscarriage. Wooden boxes and barrels are for people to sit on. Horns are for honking. Fingers are for snapping. Introductions are postponed. Tables are for people to lean on. You don't go out drinking. Candles are for flickering in the wind. Mantelpieces are for people to lean on. Snow falls down. Glass becomes a mirror. You don't go for walks. Matchboxes and hats are for dropping and putting down. Burner flames flicker. Trash cans? are for bottles. Flowers are unnecessary. Hugs are for showing your husband newspaper headlines. You don't let him take pictures. Discoveries are for being beaten to it. The surface of the water projects shimmering light onto the ground. Mice cast shadows. Flags are for fluttering in the wind. Leaf rollers are for spitting out. Sheets are for throwing down. Hats are for smashing. Receivers are for dropping and setting down. Beer is for drinking together so that they will meet again later. Hats are for taking off. Whistles are for blowing. Wives who see you off are for accompanying you. Mallets are for throwing down. Railings are for casting shadows. Paper is for crumpling up and throwing away. Cigarettes are placed on the table so that wives can smoke the disease-causing cigarettes and kill them. Fog is for rolling in. The ground is for people to sit on. Torches are for throwing up. Houses are for burning and spewing flames and smoke. Walls are for casting shadows. Babies are too late. Syringes are for dropping and breaking. Blinds are for casting shadows. Rain is for thundering. Rain is for pouring down. There is no water. Singing is for not noticing being called. Backrests are for people to sit on. The bottom of the door is to project a human silhouette. The telephone is to project a silhouette (like the vase in "Late Spring" (1949)). The receiver is to shake. The bell is to ring. The glass is to be dropped and shattered. The door is to be opened to let in light. The hat is to be dropped. Because no help is needed. The glass is to be thrown against the wall. The clothes are for someone to cling to. The flash is to shine and emit smoke. The person is to cross in front of the camera. The beaker is to cast a shadow. The paper is to be scattered. The luncheon is not to be attended.

■ "DOCTOR BULL" (1933) 77 minutes 8/16
The train is to sound its whistle and emit smoke. The bag is to be dropped and placed down. The chimney emits smoke and casts a shadow. The telephone is not working. The chair is used as a coat rack. The newspaper is to be smashed down. Hats are for changing and for banging down. Lattices are for casting shadows. Singing is for resonating. Trees cast shadows and sway in the wind. You can't go to a woman's house. Cigarettes are for dropping and putting down. Pillars are for people to lean against. Sofas become beds. Armrests are for people to sit on. Mantelpieces are for people to lean against. Chairs are not for pulling out. Aunt's hearing is so she doesn't answer the phone and spreads doctor gossip. Childbirth delays the treatment of other patients. The ground is for casting shadows. Cars are for people to pass through. Kettles are for emitting smoke. Spoons are for dropping and picking up. Ages are for arguing. Pole is for people to cling to. Bags are for throwing down. Tables are for people to lean against. Bottles are for dropping. The feathers on hats sway in the wind. Fences are for cars to knock down. My daughter gets drunk so she can get into a car accident, get her leg treated by a doctor, and have him help her with her boyfriend. I breathe smoke. My glasses fall down. Rain spreads germs and casts shadows. Packages are for shaking. Cords are for dropping. Stone steps are for people to sit on. Blinds cast shadows. Feed troughs are for people to sit on. Grass is for chewing. Cows get sick to give clues about treatment. Dishcloths are for dropping. Mouths can't be pinched. Newspapers are for throwing down. Medicine is for spitting out. Hats are for shaking. People are for pushing aside. Candy is for throwing down. Pathologists can't treat so they have to get a town doctor to treat. Horns blare. Clothes are for throwing down. Hats are for throwing down. Going home is for not going home. Slippers are for kicking. Handkerchiefs are for shaking. Bags are for throwing down. The bat is to smash the liquor bottle inside his pants and soak them.

■ "THE LOST PATROL" (1934) 64 minutes 7/29
The ground is there to cast shadows. Horses are there for people to fall off. Gunshots are there to ring out. Recruits are there to be shot and killed. People leave to offer prayers. Prayers are interrupted. The ground is there for people to sit on. Recruits drink from canteens because they can't drink and to highlight their inexperience. Horses fall down to be euthanized. Hats provide shade. Trees sway in the wind. People drink water from watering holes to create splashes. Trees cast shadows (very thorough). The water's surface projects shimmering light onto the ground. Helmets are there to hold cigarettes and to drop them. Clothes are there to throw down. Walls are there to lean rifles against. The ground is there for people to crawl on and lie down on. The wind kicks up dust. Recruits are made to stand sentry so they can be killed, have their horses taken, and be unable to leave. Swords as gravestones. Cloths to be dampened, wrung out, and used to give water to drink. Grass to chew on. Deserts to block escape routes. Stones to be thrown into ponds to create ripples. Sand to be thrown at people. Women's stories to make soldiers fight. Walls for people to lean against. Palm trees for people to climb, get shot, and fall. Ropes to slam down. Heads to scratch. Helmets to put lottery tickets in. People to project silhouettes. Clouds to project moving shadows onto the ground. Trees for people to lean against. Slopes for people to climb and people to tumble down. Guards being unwell to film distorted images and to be killed. Guns to emit smoke. Rifles to throw down. Ground to scatter smoke. Fallen trees as shields. Scouts to be killed, and their avenger to be killed in retaliation. Rifles to be dropped. The Bible becomes a written note. Cigarettes are for throwing away. Scarves are for fluttering in the wind. Hats are for waving. Pilots are for being shot and killed. Rifles are for beating people. Airplanes are for taking machine guns, and for being set ablaze to spew flames and smoke to call for allies. Wings are for people to crawl through. Rifles are for stabbing airplanes in half. Shovels become knives. Monks go mad to be shot and killed, and to have soldiers who come to their aid killed. Rifles are for smashing. Sheaths are for dropping and setting down. Swords are for shining.

■ "JUDGE PRIEST" (1934) 78 minutes 7/30
Signs are for swaying. Dozing off is for being woken up. Railings are for resting feet on. Courtrooms are for small talk. Laundry is for singing. Clubs are for dropping and for putting shoes in. The ground is for people to sit on. Gateball is for reuniting nephew and daughter. The daughter picks flowers so that she can climb the tree and be locked up by her nephew. The ladder is for people to sit on. The judge stares at the lovers so that the goats can eat the mint. The tree branches are for people to swing around. The fan is for people to throw down. The rocking chair is for people to rock. The trees are for people to cast shadows. The birds are for people to sing. The laughter is for people to ring out. The hedge is for people to hide. The judge sends his nephew to get the law book and the daughter goes inside to make lemonade so that the judge can fend off the barber in the meantime (the law book doesn't exist and the lemonade isn't drunk). The judge becomes a steppin' fetishist. The porch is for people to sit on. The pillars are for people to lean against. The shoes are for people to strike matches. The toolbox becomes a chair. The glass becomes a mirror. The clock is wound so that people can look at the framed photograph. The grates are for people to cast shadows. The candle is for people to light and then extinguish, and also to sway in the wind. The grave visit is to witness former Confederate soldiers visiting graves. Chickens are to scatter. Clothes are to wipe rifles. The blacksmith is busy so that his servants can talk to the judge. Horseshoes wear down so that the blacksmith's servants can talk (horseshoes aren't worn down). Shoes are to hang around the neck. Clothes are to throw down. Vests and furs are to have Black people play tixie. Tales of bravery are to be interrupted. Tables are for people to lean on. No slander is for people to do. The candy vendor is to free his nephew from the woman. Maids sing. Railings are for placing baskets on and for people to sit on. The barber is so that the barber can slander any girl who walks by and have a former Confederate soldier beat her up. Special cups are to take home. Clubs are to throw and hold. No snacking is allowed. Tambourines are to be dropped. Knives and coins are to throw down. The barber plays billiards so he can attack and stab former Confederate soldiers drinking in a bar. The cue is for hitting people. The swinging door is for opening and closing. The club is for hitting the ground. Gateball is for not listening to information. The club is for throwing things down. The stairs are for sitting. The clothes are for moving off the chair. The phlegm is for not being able to spit. The hat is for not being able to spit. The pipe is for not smoking. The judge defends former Confederate soldiers in the barber shop so he can be replaced as judge. The congressman runs for judge so that judges become lawyers. The voice cracks. The spittoon is for making noise to interrupt the prosecutor's argument and for moving around. The floor is for putting glasses on. The hat is for waving. Window frames and sidewalks are for people to sit on. The hat is for fanning and throwing things down. The ground is for spreading smoke. The demobilization ceremony is for playing Dixieland music in the courtroom and for everyone to march. Bombs are for scattering dust. Guns are for emitting smoke. Flags are for fluttering in the wind. Powder rods are for throwing. Cannons are for people to stand on. Trials are for releasing men. Tables are for people to stand on. Benches are for people to climb over. Drums are for stomping. Hats are for spittoons. Handkerchiefs are for waving.

■ "THE WHOLE TOWN'S TALKING" (1935) 91 minutes 8/30
Requests are because they cannot be granted. Never being late indicates a man's character. Notes inform men of their promotions and dismissals. Blinds cast shadows. Laughter is because it's not funny. Manuscripts are for rolling up and throwing away. Exercising by the window is for being surprised by the street clock. Pillows are for putting a clock underneath. Clocks are for throwing away. Bathtubs are for overflowing water and emitting smoke. People bump into each other. Cigarettes are for throwing away and for exhaling smoke. The man is late to highlight the woman's lateness (there is no definitive narrative reason why the man must be late). Tables are for resting feet on. Fingers become pistols. Typewriters become mirrors. Newspapers are for throwing down. Mirrors are for comparing faces and angering other customers. Hats are for throwing down. Horns are for blaring. No one can get in the way. ID cards become guns. Eating at a restaurant is for getting arrested. Cars are for clinging to. Chairs are for resting feet on. Flashes are for flashing. Standing is for not being able to stand. The president comes to lineup people because they don't know each other. Pencils are for smashing. The simultaneous robberies clear the man's name. Hats are for taking off. Heads are for scratching. Hats are for wiping. Tables are for people to lean on. People become barricades. Flashes are for knocking people unconscious. The printing press rotates. Newspapers fly around. Desks are for people to sit on. Paper cups are for crushing and throwing away. Shoes creak. Glasses are for throwing. Chairs are for tilting. Forcing teetotalers to drink strong alcohol is to insult the gangs and get them to kiss the women. Clothes and hats are for throwing down. Not turning on the lights in the room at night is to surprise them by turning them on after they've spoken. The man resembles a gangster so he'll be arrested, given identification, and then the gang will take it. Ties are for slamming down. Shoes are for throwing down. Documents are for fanning, and then throwing down again. Telephones don't work. Making coffee is for getting people to put on aprons. Newspapers are for slamming down. Questions can't be asked. The bars cast shadows. Hats are for putting coins in. Chairs become clothes racks. Stealing photographs is to impress the women so they can hug the gangs, witness the guns, and get them imprisoned. He goes home to get his belongings so he can switch places with the gang. His butt is for spanking. The gang sleeps so he can't steal the gun. He honks the horn and whistles to call for help. The car is for people to lean on. He closes the door to make noise. The tea is so they can't drink it. The newspaper is for hitting with his hand. The ledger can't be handed over. The wall casts a shadow. The man has an errand in town so he can help the gang escape from prison. Duct tape is for gagging. The chair is for tying people down. The notebook is for dropping and leaving. The bandage is for faking wounds, and also for peeling off, crumpling up, and throwing away. The gang goes to meet the woman so the man can come back and kill him. The car is for emitting smoke. He speeds so the man can run. The main road is for dodging cars and crossing. People are for pushing through. He doesn't go into the bank. He forgets the money so he can take off his beard, go back to the hideout, be mistaken for the boss, and have the boss killed. The barrel is to hide the machine gun. The stairs are for people to fall down. The body is to hide the machine gun so that the person gets imprisoned. The machine gun emits smoke. The person faints so that they can be identified. The aunt is for imprisonment. The canary and cat are for being transported with labels attached. The lifebuoy is for Iris.

■ "THE INFORMER" (1935) 91 minutes 8/31
People are there to project their silhouettes. Fog is there to be a lot of it. Wanted posters are there to be torn off, crumpled up and thrown away, and also blown around by the wind and cling to your feet. Signboards are there to be hit on the head and shaken (twice). Pillars are there for people to lean against (excessively). Walls are there for people to lean against. Hair, shawls, and feather hats are there to flutter in the wind. Pillars are there for striking matches. Wind is there to kick up dust. Cigarettes are there to exhale smoke. Toothpicks are there to be held in the mouth and also thrown away. Trash and hats are there to be blown away by the wind. Prostitutes' clients are there to be thrown around by men. Glass is like a mirror. Heads are there to scratch. Flashlights are there to shine. Walls are there for people to hide. Searching is done to avoid finding. Elbows on the frame (as Keaton does in "Boxer Keaton" (1926) and Hitchcock in "The Ring" (1927)). Pots to emit smoke. Poverty and dreams of a lover to make the man an informer. Doors to slam shut and startle the man. Hats as towels (he wipes his face repeatedly). Pens to squeak when rubbed against paper. Fences for people to sit on. Headlights to shine. Clocks to chime. Spoons to be dropped, creating a streak of light. Rifles to smash doors. Guns to emit light and smoke. Windows for people to go in and out. Ground for people to sit on. Bills to throw down. Canes to slide bills. Bottles to be unrecoverable. Touching the shoulder to startle. Coins to drop and leave. Change to arouse suspicion in women. Bottles to be smashed. People to be thrown into carriages. Hats are for taking off. Sitting on the ground is for standing up, dropping and spinning coins. Coins are untouchable. Tables are for people to sit on. Fireplaces are for casting flickering shadows and burning wanted posters. The ashes fly up. Hats are for slamming (many times). Guns are for dropping and setting down. Chairs are for resting your feet on. Alcohol is not for drinking, and for spitting it out. Glasses are for slamming down. Tables are for banging. Hats are for banging on tables. Chairs are for kicking over. Hats have their brims pulled down. Staring is for getting punched. Spitting is for spitting. Cigarettes are for throwing away. Counters are for people to stand on and for people to sit on. Paper is for slamming. Shoulders are for slapping. Fingers are for snapping. Stones are for throwing and breaking windows. Canes are for poking people. Wedding dresses are for fluttering in the wind. Canes are for banging on people and doors. The sake on the landlady's tray is for men to drink. Her bottom is for spanking. Her hat is for dropping. The woman is for picking up and dropping. The cane is for hitting the counter. The sofa is for flipping people over. The mantelpiece is for people to cling to. The woman criticizes the landlady in order to get money from men. The glass is for throwing and smashing. The bills are for dropping. The cloth? is for making it fly and fall. The wall is for casting shadows. The stairs are for people to tumble down. The hat is for brushing dirt off clothes. No one can interrupt. Standing is for preventing people from standing. Testimony is for interrupting. Touching hands is for being shown a gun. Spending money is for totaling 20 pounds. The wooden floor is for letting in light. The dripping water is for showing the exit. The wall is for people to cling to. Knees are for pillows. The man sleeps so that his lover can go to the commander's apartment, and also to sober him up and awaken his guilt (the latter being the real reason; see the paper for details). The door is for shooting open. The fire poker is for beating people. The railing is for smashing people through and for making people fall. The mother goes to church so that the man can meet his end there.

■ "STEAMBOAT ROUND THE BEND" (1935) 82 minutes 7/16
The leaves are for swaying in the wind. The boat is for emitting smoke (tremendous) and splashing water. The whistle is for emitting smoke and for blaring (thorough). The feathered hat is for swaying in the wind. The cigarette is for emitting smoke. The water's surface is for projecting shimmering light onto the ground (thorough). The tree is for wrapping ropes around. The drug is alcohol. The medicine seller sells medicine from a ship to make a bet with the captain on a race. The new Moses preaches from a ship to meet the medicine seller, witness his nephew's crime, and become a witness. Doors are opened to knock over tables. Hats are for holding eggs. Tables are for resting feet on. The nephew kills someone so that the medicine seller and the swamp girl can rescue him. Toolboxes are for people to sit on. The swamp girl's shoes are wet so that they are taken off and almost stolen, allowing the medicine seller to protect them. Walls are for people to lean against. Shelves become hat racks. Trees cast shadows. Stones are thrown at windows to wake people who are sleeping. A bunch of keys are thrown to be handed over. The surface of the water sparkles and ripples. Hair and skirts flutter in the wind. Pots emit smoke. The medicine seller points cooking utensils at the girl so that she can seize them and attack, making him reconsider his opinion of her. The swamp girl is attacking, gripping the cooking utensils in reverse. The chair is for people to sit on. The medicine seller holds the knife in a reverse grip (later changing it to a regular grip). The knife is meant to be thrown down. The swamp girl's fathers burst in to make the medicine seller tell her that she is married to their nephew (the reconciliation between the girl and the medicine seller is due to circumstances beyond their control). The skirt is used to wipe dishes and also as a tablecloth. Wiping dishes with the skirt lets the medicine seller know the skirt is a tablecloth, allowing him to pass on his sister's keepsake dress and hat to the girl and to kiss her. The bacon burns to ruin the afterglow of the kiss. The girl is hungry to make the medicine seller attack with cooking utensils and to burn the bacon (the girl's hunger alone triggers a lot of movement). The hanging sentence is to make the medicine seller need a new lawyer's fees, allowing him to run the sideshow and burn the dolls as firewood. The professor disappears to leave the sideshow to the medicine seller. The carriage's connecting rods are for people to sit on. The whale's mouth is for people to go inside. The whip is for poking the whale's mouth. The walls are for plastering, along with the hangings. Grant to Lee. The wood chips are for hitting the wooden windows. The saw is for being deflected. The prisoners sing. The board is for throwing things down. Kissing is for turning the rudder (like burning bacon, the emergency response to the rapidly turning rudder erases the psychological aftertaste of the kiss). The ship becomes a museum. The steam piano? is for emitting smoke. The ship is for destroying. Opening a museum in a conservative town is for letting people be lynched and then having a doll rescue them. The hat is taken away so that it can be taken back. The whale's salt is for sprinkling on people. The hat is for putting money in. The hair is for souvenirs. The hoe and pickaxe are for holding up (as rifles). The porch is for people to sit on. The trees sway in the wind. The hat is for dropping. The prisoners leave. The rejection of the appeal allows them to have a wedding in jail. The objects are polished. The hats become handkerchiefs. The bride and groom kiss to get the guests to "leave". The pillars are for leaning rifles against. The trains project light intermittently. The sheriff handcuffs his nephew so that he can stop his daughter from taking the rifle that he has leaned against the pillar. The pillars are for people to cling to. The trains are for spewing smoke. The logs are for people to sit on. The hats are for pointing directions and for waving (and are constantly being waved). The handles on the whistles are for pulling and shaking. The flags are for waving and for throwing away. The bars are for people to sit on. The windows are for people to cling to. The spit is for spitting in people's faces. The hats are for smashing. Going up the river to find the newborn Moses is to turn back and participate in the race (the newborn Moses is found after the race). Going to see the governor is to get him to turn back. There is no time to prepare for the race so that firewood runs out and various things are thrown into the hearth. The pipe is to light the cannon. The cannon is to emit smoke. The flag is to flutter in the wind. Firewood is to be thrown in. The hearth is to burn and emit smoke. The handkerchief is to be waved. The leaves are to lick the foreground of the screen. The lasso is to grab people and drag them down the river. The torch is to emit smoke. The stairs are to slide furniture down. Furniture, decks, lifeboats, dolls, and rum are used as firewood. Boats are to be dropped. Steamboats are to be towed. Window frames are for people to sit on. Cups are to be thrown. Axes are to be thrown down. Dolls are to be thrown down. Being left behind by enemy ships is to catch up. The engineer drinks rum so that the new Moses can take it and throw it into the furnace. The rum explodes and scatters a blast. The uncle is a medicine seller so that the rum can be used as firewood. The new Moses is a religious man so that the rum can be banned and "disposed of" in the furnace (the script is very well thought out). The umbrella is for waving. The trophy will not be given, and will be thrown. The band plays to drown out conversation. Execution will not occur.

■ "THE PRISONER OF SHARK ISLAND" (1936) 94 minutes 9/4
The bonfire is for scattering flames and smoke. The furniture is for throwing into the bonfire. The hat and handkerchief are for waving. The torch is for emitting smoke. The lamp is for extinguishing. The assassin's knife is held in a reverse grip. The assassin jumps onto the stage to make the doctor who treated his injured leg an accomplice, and to cut off his boots to reveal his name and have the doctor imprisoned. The theater becomes the assassination scene. The cobblestones are for the sound of hooves clattering. The thunder is for the sound of light. The rain is for the dripping. The boots are for throwing down. The wooden box is for splints. The words are for interrupting. The knife is for scraping off names. The money is for not being recovered. The grand speech is for his grandchildren to hear. The table is for banging. The fence is for people to climb over. The door is for slamming shut. The book is for throwing down. The daughter plays with the doll to show the boots to the soldiers. She drops the doll to find the name on the boots while repairing them. The walking stick is for poking people. The fence is for people to sit on. The umbrella is for swinging around. Equality is inequality. The head is for placing baskets on. The chair is for resting feet on. The doll is for burning. The grates are to cast shadows. The glass is to act as a mirror. The lamp flame is to flicker in the wind. The words are to be ignored. The railings are to cast shadows. The assassins die so that they cannot testify. People make mistakes. The hats are to act as blindfolds. The water surface is to ripple and sparkle. The stones are to be thrown, creating ripples and splashes. The walls are for people to lean against. The chains are to be dropped and left there. The bait is to be thrown into the moat, creating splashes. People do not shake hands. The gate doors are to be closed and to cast shadows. The candles are not to be extinguished. The contents of the toolbox are to be thrown out, except for the bottles. The window frames are for people to sit on. The chairs are to be knocked over. The soap is to be dropped and left there, and to hide the metal fittings. The floor is to be stomped on. The cigar is to make a ring, to exhale smoke, and to be thrown away. The keys are to be smashed and left there. The sticks are to be thrown and left there. Cannons and walls are for people to climb. Searchlights are for scattering light. Walls are for people to hide behind. Bricks are for dropping and creating splashes. Cannons are for tying ropes to. Waves are for making noise. Guns are for emitting smoke. Bricks are for shooting through. People are for falling and creating splashes. The water's surface is for shooting and creating splashes, and also for letting sharks escape. Drains are for people to hide behind. Waves are for creating splashes. Fog is for creating a dense atmosphere. Escape is impossible. Fans are for throwing down. The ground is for people to sit on. Cannons are for people to lean against. Hats are for dropping. The doctor falls down to provoke a rebellion among the Black people and persuade them to return to the doctor. The plague is for releasing the doctor. Pole is for knocking down and putting down. The right arm is for touching with the left hand (Harry Carey's habit). Wagons and mattresses make barricades. Rifles are for throwing away. Windows are for people to come and go, and for smashing. Wind is for howling. Storms are for blowing away mosquitoes. Lightning is for flashing. Supply ships are for angering doctors by not resupplying and being shelled. Cannons are for spewing light and smoke, and for splashing water. Hats are for taking off. Chairs are for being crushed. Blinds are for casting shadows.

■ "MARY OF SCOTLAND" (1936) 120 minutes 8/18
Walls are for projecting shadows (often). Water surfaces are like mirrors. Mist is for rising. Torches are for burning brightly. Seats are for not leaving. Nobles are for angering the queen. Clothes are for throwing down. Stairs are for people to sit on. Torches are for reflecting light and for emitting smoke. Campfires are for emitting smoke. Window frames are for people to sit on. Hats and torches are for waving. Bagpipes are for playing loudly. People are not persuaded. Swords are for striking bells. Documents are for dropping. Walls are for people to lean against. Bagpipes are for pointing characters. Doors are for closing. Fireplaces are for emitting smoke. Clothes are for dropping down. Messengers are for angering the queen and forcing marriage. Hats are for throwing down. Chairs are for kicking. Handkerchiefs are for waving. ? is for dropping and picking up. Documents are for sliding across desks. Swords are for throwing down. Flags are for fluttering in the wind. The ground is for people to sit on. Spears are for knocking down. Skirts are for people to kiss. Swords are for throwing. Knives are held in a reverse grip. People are for dragging. Documents are for burning in the fireplace and crumpling out with hands. Swords are for stabbing documents. Chairs are for rolling over. The ground is for scattering smoke. Horses are for throwing people off. Coups are for suppressing. Gloves are for hitting people. Cloaks are for throwing down. Chairs are for hanging clothes. Barrels are for throwing. Fuse is for emitting smoke. Castles are for blowing up and scattering smoke. Stars are for shooting. Candles are for scattering smoke. Swords are for breaking with the foot and throwing away. Gloves are for throwing at people. Barricades are for jumping over on horseback. Candles are for flickering. The water surface is for creating ripples and for shining. Bags are for throwing down. Thunder and wind are for roaring. Thunder is for flashing. The nobles' rebellion is for sending the queen to her sister. Trees, curtains, clothes, and canopies are for swaying in the wind. The wind becomes the sound of bagpipes. Cloth is for falling. Candle wicks are for emitting smoke. Altars are for people to cling to. Hats and necklaces are for taking.

■ "THE HURRICANE" (1937) 101 minutes 8/21
Boats are for splashing water. Trees and flags are for swaying in the wind. The ground is for people to sit on. Window frames are for people to put their feet on. Bells are for ringing. Ropes are cut to make people fall. The water surface is for people to jump in and splash water. Hats are for waving. Masts become diving platforms. Wreaths are for throwing down. Trees are for climbing. Wreaths are for throwing down. Hats are for taking off. The water's surface projects shimmering light onto the ground (very much so). Clothes are for taking off. Trees cast shadows. Hot water emits smoke. Speeches make it difficult to see the bride and groom. Trees lick in front of the camera. The water's surface shines. Blinds are raised to project rising light. Sails project silhouettes. Bags are for putting people in. Boats are for swimming back. Hats identify a person's rank. Waves create splashes. Cigarettes emit smoke. Fans are for slapping people in the face. Fences are for people to climb over. Taverns are for beating up powerful people and getting them imprisoned. Bars project shadows and also for extinguishing cigarettes. Stones are for carrying. Whips leave bruises on the body. Slopes are for people to tumble down. Cliffs become diving platforms. Work is done to help the man escape. Bullets are used to create splashes. Drinking coffee is done to avoid spotting the man in the water. Running away is done to get caught and receive a harsher sentence. The water surface is used to create ripples. Collars are used to throw away. Hair is used to flutter in the wind. Walls are used to break through. Fences are used for people to jump over and shoot through. Wheels are used to tie people down. Water is used to splash people in the face. Holes are used to make people fall. Walls are used to project shadows. People are used to tip over chairs. Hangings are used to escape. Guns are used to emit smoke. Sirens are used to blare. Burlap sacks are used to stab with spears. Stones are used to break windows. Water jars are used to shoot and break them. Rifles are used to break windows. Windows are used for people to go in and out. Weather vanes are used to rotate. Tops are used to knock things away. Fallen trees are used for people to sit on. Alcohol is to make the bonfire burn, and to vomit. Food is to throw away. Killing the guards is to escape to the forbidden land. The wind is to howl. Handkerchiefs are to drop and leave. Breath is to produce foam. Fighting is to create splashes. Sharks are to be eaten. Knives are held in a reverse grip. Sails are to sway in the wind. Rafts are to cling to. Going out to sea in a boat is to rescue a man. Boats are to project silhouettes. Luggage is to throw away. Leaves are to be pushed aside. Hurricanes shake candles, curtains, and clothes, open and close doors to create a clash of light and darkness, knock over chairs, turn the pages of books, shake curtains to cast wavering shadows, shake nets, open windows to drop vases, send papers flying, kick up seawater and create splashes, blow houses away, knock down trees and crush people to death, tear flags, capsize ships, lift trees and people into the air, and trigger tsunamis. Tsunamis sweep people away and break through church walls to collapse. Birds fly away. Hats are thrown away. Ropes swing. Churches become shelters. Ships are places of childbirth. Administrators go out to sea to have their wives rescued by their husbands before reuniting with them. Wives take refuge in churches to be rescued by their husbands. Fallen trees become rafts. Campfires release smoke. Footprints help identify people. Scarves and sleeves flutter in the wind.

■ "FOUR MEN AND A PRAYER" (1938) 84 min 8/14
Sabers cast shadows. Flags and trees flutter in the wind. Trees cast shadows. Blinds sway. Grilles project shadows. Telegrams are held in the mouth. Courtrooms are for leaving. Dates are canceled. Lovers become thieves. Tables are for people to lean on. Cigarettes exhale smoke. Horns call for help. The ground is for people to sit on. Gunshots ring out. Doors are pushed open. The colonel sorts documents alone to be killed. Documents are stolen. Newspapers are rolled up. The fourth son is not recruited to be recruited. Porches are for people to sit on. High heels are removed to indicate the absence of a taxi. Dresses become coats. Scolding is done to apologize. Tables are slammed. Taxis become morgues. Telegrams are for throwing away. Clothes are for dropping and leaving. Trays are for knocking things over. Chairs are for smashing lights, throwing them, and hitting people. Handrails are for people to climb over. People are for bumping into and starting the automatic piano. People are for knocking over screens. Glasses are for dropping and shattering. Compacts are for hiding faces. Dance is because you can't dance. Walls are for people to lean against. Guns are for identifying their owners. Coins are for biting. Fans cast shadows. Tables are for people to sit on. You can't get cricket information from them. The water surface shines, and the rippling shadows reflect off the hull. People turn into ducks. Handkerchiefs are for being stolen. Walls are for people to hide behind. Cats cross the ground. Rifles are for throwing. Headlights project light. Glasses are for smashing. People don't smoke because they smoke. Machine guns are used to emit smoke and to blare. Hats are used to wave and to throw. Rifles are used to smash because they cannot be fired. Stairs are used for people to fall and to hold corpses. Glasses are used to throw away. Soldiers are punched so they can be imprisoned, rescued by a woman, and reconciled. Jeeps are avoided so they can witness a kiss. They cannot be ignored or testified against. Books are dropped and placed down. Balls are bounced and passed. Bags are used for people to sit on. Bamboo blinds cast swaying shadows. Women accompany arms dealers because they would be suspected. They cannot kiss. People are placed on tables because they cannot explain. Names are not allowed and are often mistaken. Handshakes are not allowed. Meetings cannot be attended. The questioning of the father is to confess that he loves his second son. Chairs are used as coat racks. Guns are used to misfire. Boats are drier so they can swim and end up in their underwear. Cheeks are used to make a squeaking sound. Light bulbs are used to make them blink. The gun is meant to be dropped.

■ "SUBMARINE PATROL" (1938) 93 minutes 9/3
The anchor casts a shadow. The chimney and train emit smoke. The bell and horn make a sound. The car pushes people aside and runs them over. The car steps are for people to stand on, and the blinds cast shadows. The paper is for banging down. The lighter is for relighting. The cigarette exhales smoke. The engine box brings the man and woman together and allows the man to demonstrate his skills. The repairs under the driver's seat reveal the woman's legs. The box is for dropping things down. The whistle makes a sound. The car emits smoke and shakes. The hair is for blowing in the wind. The water's surface projects shimmering light onto the ground. The hat is for taking it off (often). The bucket is for kicking. The leftover food is for throwing away. The cannon is for people to lean against. The ground is for people to sit on. The pot is for emitting smoke. The meat is for throwing into the pot. The apron is for throwing down. The exhaust vent is for striking matches. The matches are for throwing away. The trunk and hat are for dropping things. The clothes become dishcloths. The door frame is for hitting your head and dropping your hat. The table is for banging. The chair is for people to sit on. People cannot point their fingers. The debt is to indicate the young man's wealth and character. The spoon is for dropping things. The pot becomes a stepping stool. The hat is for putting mice in. The wooden box is for people to sit on. The streetlamp becomes a bollard. The walking stick is for hitting people. The hat is for banging down and putting coins in. The telephone booth is for locking people in. The hat is for throwing things. The champagne is for making the father angry. The ship is for emitting smoke. The butt is for kicking. The stairs are for being pushed down. Cigarettes cannot be smoked. The deck is for people to lie down. Because you can't get a word in. Because you'll get the name wrong. Because you'll spray water on people with a hose. Because you'll drop the rope. Because you'll change your hat and throw it away. Because people will lean on the pillars. Because you won't shake hands. Because you can't be discharged. Because you'll polish the boat. Because you won't be thanked. Because you'll slam the booklet down. Because people will lean on the table. Because you'll throw the mop down. Because you'll throw your clothes at people. Because you'll knock people over bucket and all. Because you can't resist. Because people become a barrier. Because you'll drop your clothes down. Because you'll kiss the portholes. Because people will jump over the railings. Because you'll put your shoes on the wrong feet. Because you'll throw your necklace into the sea. Because people will project their silhouettes. Because you'll rock the boat to drop luggage, people, and pots, and because you'll have the cook press the lever to make water spurt out. Because knives will be thrown into pots. Because hands will be used to spit. Waves are for splashing water on people. Tables are for people to stand on. Spoons are for slamming things down. Drums are for throwing things into the sea. Trash becomes confetti. The surface of the water sparkles. Drums become periscopes. Torpedoes create splashes of water. Life jackets are for pointing to facts and for dropping things down. Ropes are for slamming things down. Bombs create splashes of water. Stairs are for riding bicycles down. Flags are for fluttering in the wind. Book pages are for tearing out into letters. Hats are for putting letters in. Bicycles are for leaving and escaping in the meantime. Nets are for grabbing onto boarding. Stairs become slides. Burlap sacks become cushions. Hats are for waving and throwing. Candles flicker in the wind. Champagne fizzes. Wax drips down. Batons are for smashing bottles in trousers and getting everyone wet. Benches become beds. The father boards the ship to be knocked unconscious before setting sail and working with the young man. Fog is present to create a thick cloud. Light bulbs flicker. Mines cannot be pushed with oars. Guns and cannons emit smoke and roar. The engine room is flooded and sparks fly. Pumps emit smoke. Submarines sink and create spray. Houses are blown up and emit smoke. Smoking is done to give a lighter as a gift. Letters are crumpled up. There is no wedding. The order to set sail is to create a chorus between ships. Dialogue is repeated.

■ "STAGECOACH" (1939) 91 min 8/2
The ground emits smoke and casts shadows. Horses, trees, and rocks cast silhouettes. Flags flutter in the wind. Questions are denied. Hats are removed. Desks and chairs are for resting feet on. Glass is for mirrors. Carriages bring wages so that bankers can embezzle them. Gunmen escape so that sheriffs can get on stagecoaches. Rent arrears so that doctors can get on stagecoaches. Signs are for tearing down. The Temperance Society so that prostitutes can get on stagecoaches. Luggage is for people to sit on. Names are for getting wrong. Embezzlement and the Temperance Society's wives are for getting bankers on stagecoaches. Prostitutes put their feet on steps so that they can show their legs. Pillars are for people to lean on. Husbands are cavalrymen so that ladies can get on stagecoaches. Ladies get on stagecoaches so that gentlemen can get on stagecoaches. Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke. The coachman is unable to get off the stagecoach. Salesmen sell alcohol so that doctors can't get off the stagecoach and also so that doctors can drink. Light is a line. Communication is impossible. Rifles are for spinning. Scarves flutter in the wind. Gunmen ruin horses to get on the carriage. Rifles are thrown. Luggage is to be tossed and left. The sheriff is in the carriage and the cavalry guards him so the gunman can be arrested. The doctor tells a story to inform the gunman that his brother was killed. Leaflets are not meant to be smoked. Cliffs appear after the horse herd has disappeared. Overhangs on the roof cast shadows. Walls are for people to lean against. The first rest stop is to leave the guards absent and allow the crew to vote. The sheriff takes the salesman's vote to enforce ladies first. Opinions are not heard. Prostitutes sit at the table so that gentlemen and ladies can move to the window seats. Hats and handkerchiefs are waved. Clouds gather. Gunmen are arrested for protection. Scarves become handkerchiefs (functional?). Hats are blown away by the wind. Cloth straps flutter in the wind. The reason for drinking water is to give ladies a glass and prostitutes no glass, and also to identify people by the glass. Skirts are to flutter in the wind. Liquor bottles are to be thrown away. There are no cavalry so that the wagons can be attacked by Indians. The second resting place is so that the ladies can give birth and be taken to a doctor, and so that the newborn baby can be held by a prostitute and surrounded by everyone. The walls are to cast shadows. Clothes are to be dropped and left. Water is to be splashed in the face. Door frames are for people to lean on. Coyote cries are for babies to cry. Lamps are for matches. War cries cannot be made. Trees are to cast shadows. The ground is for people to lie on. Doors are to cast light. People try to stand up but their feet are handcuffed and they cannot. The counter becomes a bed and a place for people to sit. Bags become pillows. Offers of alcohol are to be refused. The alcohol is thrown into the fireplace to scatter flames. No one can interfere. The rifle is to be switched. The gunman is made to escape to alert the Apache and force them to depart, and also to handcuff the gunman (the gunman does not escape. They are forced to depart by the appearance of the Apache, who were unable to depart due to Louise Pratt's poor health after childbirth. That is why the gunman escapes). The fence is for the horses to jump over. The signal fire is to emit smoke. The body is on the bed. The water surface is a mirror and also rippling. The landing horses and ferryboat are burned so that they can cross the river on their own. The ashes emit smoke. The coat is to cover the corpse. Something is to shine. The log is to be attached to the carriage. The trees are to sway in the wind. The saddle is to be thrown away. The river is to be crossed and splash water. The stone is to be thrown. The toast is to stab the salesman with an arrow. Guns are for emitting smoke. Slopes are for people to tumble down. Horses are for throwing people off. Wagons are for climbing, for stabbing arrows, for crawling on roofs, and for being shot through. People are for being dragged by horses. Spears are for throwing away. Indians jump onto horses so they can be crushed under the horses and wagons. Falling off horses throws people to the ground (running w = a dangerous stunt where a rope is pulled and the horse's front legs are pulled out of the way, "Under the Flag of John Ford," p. 202). Coachmen are shot so that gunmen can jump onto their horses. Running out of ammunition so that gentlemen can shoot and be shot while trying to shoot ladies, and also to call in the cavalry. Trumpets are for sounding. Playing cards are for throwing down. Bankers insist on arresting gunmen so that they themselves can be arrested. Hats are for holding bullets. Hats and shawls are for depositing and then retrieving. Glasses are for dropping and breaking. Bottles are for sliding. Shotguns are for breaking glasses, throwing them down, disabling them before they can be used, and throwing them down again. Mirrors are for hiding. Porches are for people to sit on. The noise of the saloon is for the sound to reverberate. Messengers are for being mistaken for gunmen. Clothes are for throwing down. Cats can't be shot. People disappear. The ground is for people to lie on. Fences are for people to cling to. Rifles are for dropping. Bags swing. The escort becomes a honeymoon.

■ "YOUNG MR. LINCOLN" (1939) 99 min 7/19
Trees are for casting shadows. The ground is for people to sit on. Barrels are for people to rest their feet on. Pillars are for people to lean against (many times). Barrels are for holding books. The traveler brings the man a book of law and becomes the man's first client. The ground is for people to lie down on. Trees are for people to rest their feet on and lean against. Logs as pillows. Fences for people to climb over. Flowers for swaying in the wind. Stones for throwing and creating ripples on the water. Ice floes for drifting. Hats for throwing down. Tree branches for beating down to determine a path. Porches for people to sit on. Window frames for people to rest their feet on. Chairs for tilting. Tables for people to rest their feet on. Paper for falling down. Damages for legal fees. Hats for putting documents in. Coins for chewing and throwing down. Roofs for people to sit on. Hats for shaking and taking off. Slingshots for hitting horses and destroying stalls. Stairs for people to sit on. Wheels for people to cling to. Trees for swaying in the wind. Pie races for eating pies. Carriages for tug-of-war. Mud pits for people to fall into. Fences for people to sit on. Hats for flying up. The bonfire is for burning brightly and for scattering smoke. The gun is for projecting light and for emitting smoke. The knife is for dropping and leaving. The men tease the woman so that she will be killed and the brothers will be arrested. The torch is for emitting smoke. The brothers are outsiders so that they will be lynched. The stone is for throwing and breaking the window. The log is for banging on the door. The badge is for throwing away. One of the two men is absent from the scene so that the fight becomes 2 against 1, making the brothers look like cowards, and so that one of them can be a witness to testify in court. The crime is committed by the brothers so that the killer cannot be identified and their mother cannot testify. The festival is for causing murder. The hat is for throwing away. The rope? is for smashing. So that they won't be lynched. The fan is for hitting people. The hot water is for emitting smoke. The lasso is for throwing at people. The hat is for having it taken off. The knife is for throwing away. Desks are for people to lean against. Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke and throwing down. Prosecutors are made to call the jurors intelligent so that drunkards get the hiccups. Chairs are for people to rest their feet on. Walls are for people to lean against. Bars are for casting shadows. Cigarette smoke forms rings. Lawyers take notes of their mother's testimony so they are given her a diary of her life history. Notes are for dropping. Doors are opened so that light is cast onto the wall. Winning a case so that the lawyer becomes "Lincoln". Stakes are hat racks. Carriages are for hiding people. Clouds are made to gather. Winding slopes are for people to climb. Thunder is made to flash and rumble. Rain is made to pour down.

■ "DRUMS ALONG THE MOHAWK" (1939) 102 minutes 9/6
Bouquets are for swaying in the wind and for throwing. Trees are for casting shadows. The surface of water is a mirror. Streams are for horses to cross, splashing water. Newspapers are for dropping. Flies are for swatting. Thunder is for roaring and for flashing. Rain is for pouring down and for casting wavering shadows. Candles are for swaying in the wind. Screams are for calling out. People are for casting shadows. Indians are for scaring their wives. Chimneys are for emitting smoke. Hay is for tying up between the legs. Farm tools are for throwing down. Bells are for ringing. The ground is for people to lie on and for people to sit on. Roll call is for calling out to you and not noticing. Horse tails are for wagging. Campfires are for scattering smoke. Tree stumps are for people to sit on. Firewood is for throwing in. Trees are for cutting down. Feathers and pottery are for making sarcastic remarks. Fences are for people to jump over. Light forms streaks. Houses are for burning and emitting smoke (many times, tremendous amounts of smoke). Guns are for emitting smoke. Hay is for burning. Chairs are turned upside down (on top of carriages). Furniture is for dropping and discarding. Trees and people are for projecting silhouettes. Pillars are for people to cling to. Attacks are for causing wives to miscarry and for couples to become servants. Whips and shawls are for throwing down. Voices are inaudible. Hands are for deciding who to hire. Firewood? is for kicking. Hats are taken off so they can be put back on. The ground is for scattering smoke. Spitting is impossible. They don't move to the fort. Porches are for people to sit on. Fans are for swatting away mosquitoes. Window frames are for people to sit on. People make mistakes. Fireplaces cast flickering light. Rails are for people to lean on. Lamps are for people to drop. Walls become pillows. Dishcloths are for people to tear. Sofas become beds. Lattices cast shadows. Drums make a sound. Chairs become coffins. Pots exhale smoke. Trees sway in the wind. Axes are for people to drop and put down. Stairs are for people to sit on. Heads are for people to scratch. Plows are for people to sit on. Pumpkins become ghosts (Halloween). Tables are for people to stand on. Cradles are for people to rock. Grass sways in the wind. Torches exhale smoke. People sleep to be startled by Indians. Beds are for people to carry out. Farm tools are for people to lay down and put down. People are for people to carry. Walls are for people to cling to. Alcohol is not drinkable. Alcohol bottles are for people to throw and smash. Gunshots are there to make noise. Slopes are there to hide people. Whistles are there to signal. Horses are there to throw people off. Ladders are there to knock people over. Cannons are there to emit smoke. Widows are there to be killed so that the couple can inherit. Cloth? is there to throw things down. Priests are there to grant permission for alcohol. The ground is there for people to crawl on. Fences are there for people to crawl under. Fire arrows are there to throw away. Drunkards are there to be caught and shot by the priest. Windows are there for people to come and go. Rivers are there for people to cross and splash water. Fuse is there to scatter smoke (very much). Trees are there to stab arrows into. The setting sun is there to project red. Stepping stones are there for people to jump across. Fallen trees are there for people to jump over (like an obstacle course), climb over, and crawl under. Streams are there to drink water (streams exist for drinking water). Hot water is for pouring over heads. Windows are for breaking and shattering. Swords are for dropping. Carrying people is for being shot in the back. Rifles are for dropping. People are for jumping over. Stairs become morgues. Children are for crying. Ladders cast shadows. Eye patches help identify people. Flags flutter in the wind and are also for raising.

■ "THE GRAPES of WRATH" (1940) 127 minutes 7/18
Telephone poles and wires are for casting shadows. Trucks are for people to lean on. Car steps are for people to sit on. Trees cast shadows. Hitchhiking reveals a man's criminal record. The ground is for emitting smoke and for people to sit on. Trees sway in the wind. Hats become towels. Bottles are for throwing and shattering. Stones are for kicking. Fences are for people to jump over. Clouds are for gathering. The wind roars and kicks up dust. Shoes and hats identify people. Laundry sways in the wind. Fences and houses are knocked down. Tractors drive farmers away. The ground casts shadows. Homecoming is unwelcome. Hats are for shaking off mud. Fields provide cover. Stones break windows. Dogs bark. Blinds sway in the wind. Towels are for beating. Letters and newspapers are for burning. Stairs are for sitting. Clothes are for beating. Walls cast shadows. Preachers don't ride in trucks so they can ride. Garbage is blown up. The ground is for lying down. Soil is for gripping. Spelling is for rewriting. Porches are for sitting. Pillars are for leaning against. Pipes are for clapping. Camps are for listening to the stories of laborers who have lost their wives and children. Engines emit smoke. The little story never ends. The ribbon sways in the wind. The child makes the candy cheaper. The sheep block the truck. The truck tilts. The bumper is for people to put their feet on (again and again). The knees become pillows. The paper bag is for throwing away. The glass becomes a mirror. The checkpoint is for pointing out Grandma's illness. The car is for pushing. The hat is for waving and slamming. Looking at the scenery signals Grandma's death. The car steps are for people to sit on. The chimney is for emitting smoke. The barrel is for people to sit on. The empty can becomes tableware. The car is for people to lean on. The back of the car seat is for people to sit on. The gun emits smoke. The agitator is for getting the sheriff to shoot the woman and arrest the preacher. The gun is for throwing away. The hood is for people to get in and out. The fence is for knocking down. The bumper is for people to sit on. The tire change is so that a man in a passing car will introduce him to a job. The man will be eliminated. The net is so that a person can cling to it and cast a shadow. The ears are so that a pencil can be held in them. The hat is so that a person can hold it in their mouth. The cigarette is so that smoke can be exhaled. The flashlight is so that light can be projected. The light will form a streak. The surface of the water is so that it will spark and ripple. The river is so that ripples can be created and splashes can be raised. The death of the preacher is so that the man will be framed as a murderer and escape. The siren is so that it will blare. The mattress is so that a person can hide underneath it. The car breakdown is so that the camp can be found. The cap is so that it will be dropped. The bucket is so that it will roll out. The bumpy road is so that a person will be thrown off the back of the truck. The tap water is so that the water will be shut off. The flush toilet is so that people will be startled. The buttocks are so that they will be spanked. The hat is so that it will be taken off (by force). The riot is so that it will be prevented. The insects are so that they will chirp. The train whistle is so that it will blare. Checking car license plates is to help the man escape. Matches become lights. People are there to project silhouettes. Fences are there for people to crawl under.

■ "THE LONG VOYAGE HOME" (1940) 103 minutes 7/15
The water surface is there to reflect light and shimmer. Trees are there for people to lean on. Boats are there to exhale smoke. The ground is there for people to lie on. Cigarette smoke forms rings. Cigarettes are there to be thrown away. Hats are there to be thrown down. Stairs are there to sit on. The soles of shoes are there to strike matches. Glass is there to be struck. Flashlights are there to wave their light. Walls are there to project shadows. Masts are there to project shadows (thoroughly done). Birdcages are there to project shadows. The water surface is there to create splashes. Walls are there for people to lean on. Fingers are there to pull. Liquor bottles are there to be stolen, and also to be broken and drunk from. Breast pockets are there to hold money. Heads are for carrying baskets. Hair is for fluttering in the wind. Liquor bottles are for throwing into the sea. Parrots are for screaming. Drinking alcohol is for losing sight of women. Ropes are for people to cling to. Alcohol is for not drinking. People are for casting shadows. People are for tripping and starting fights. Apples? are for throwing at people's faces. Knees are on the bed. Liquor bottles are for smashing and stabbing people. Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke. Meetings are for eavesdropping. Whistles are for sounding. Bombs are loaded to impose curfew and prevent the alcoholic from escaping. Coffee breaks are for letting the alcoholic escape. Clothes are for hiding boxes. Fences are for people to climb over. The ground is for reflecting light. Clothes are for throwing down. Storms are for splashing water, killing sailors, and sounding loud. Sheets are for fluttering in the wind and splashing water. Anchors are there to make a noise. Water is there to carry people away. Wind is there to turn the pages of a book. The Swedish man is brought close to the camera to create a pan-focus shot with the alcoholic man in the background. Waves are there to make a noise. Windows are there to be painted over. Bunk beds are there for people to jump off. Newspapers are there to be thrown down. Windowpanes become mirrors. Light becomes a ribbon. Waves make the light wave. The ground becomes a mirror. Collars flutter in the wind. Blinds cast shadows. Alcohol is hidden in the chart room so that someone will see you taking it out and suspect you of being a spy. Stolen alcohol is so that the painted-over window is opened and the bottle is thrown into the sea. Entering the battle zone is so that the portholes in the cabins are painted over. Windows opening and closing in the wind is a signal for spies. Cups are there for people to sit on and throw away. Pillows are there to be thrown down. Beds are there to hide boxes. Tables are there to be banged on. The box is hidden under the bed to avoid being suspected of being a spy. The box is submerged in water. The necklace is to be torn off. The alcoholic is gagged to interrupt him while he is reading the letter. The rope casts a shadow. The sunbathing is to help spot the bomber. The engines and propellers are there to make noise. The bombs are there to create splashes of water and make noise. The machine gun is there to puncture the deck and riddle the windows with holes. The floor is there for people to slip on. The hat is there to be slammed down and blown away by the wind. The hook is there to be thrown. The bomber is there to kill the alcoholic. The sails become the British flag. The sails and flags are there to flutter in the wind. The ground casts a shadow. The signature is not to be given. The paper is to be torn. The bills and tickets are sewn onto the jacket. The hat is there to be taken off. The fire hydrant? is there to strike a match and cast a shadow. Barrels are for people to sit on. Bags are for dropping and placing. People are for being pushed down. You can't enter the saloon so that sailors are led to the saloon of their fate. Fire hydrants are for people to lean on. You are handed a mug so that you are hit. Paper is for throwing away. Tables are for flipping over. People are for projecting silhouettes. Chairs are for sitting on and crushing. Tables are for kicking over. The speaker of the gramophone becomes a hat. Trays are for dropping. Doors are for kicking down. Bottles are for sliding. Chairs are for stomping. You shake hands so that you can hit with your free hand. The parrot is to signal the abduction of sailors. Walls glow. Matches become lights. People fall off the ship. Clubs are for hitting people on the head. People are for dragging. Sailors are abducted so that other sailors will be abducted. Garbage is for flying up. The surface of the water projects shimmering light onto the ground. The sailors leave the ship to return. The newspaper is dropped into the sea so the headlines can be seen underwater. The moving clouds cast shadows to fade the screen out.

■ "TABACCO ROAD" (1941) 83 minutes 8/26
Dried leaves are to be blown up by the wind. Trees are to sway in the wind. Cars are to emit smoke, to explode, to push open gates, and to get flat tires. Porches are for people to lie on. Pillars are for pillows. Hoods are for resting feet on. The missionary husband dies so that the insurance money can be used to buy a car. Firewood becomes a rifle. The driver's seat is for people to hide in. The ground is to kick up dust. Light becomes a streak. Walls become partners for playing catch. Porches are for people to sit on, and for people to sit on and flip up planks. Trees cast shadows. The ground is for people to sit on (John Ford-esque characters always sit on the ground). Barrels are for people to lean on. Burlap sacks are for beating things down. Rocking chairs are for rocking. Turnips are for dropping. Stones are for throwing. The groom comes to complain about his bride so that the farmer can steal the turnips and confess. Crossing the river is to create splashes of water. The pillars are for people to lean on (thoroughly). The door frames are for people to lean on and put their feet on. The water is for splashing. Lying to the missionary is for confession. The car is for people to hide behind, and the steps are for people to sit on. The car seats are for people to steal. Licking fingers tells you the wind direction. Thunder is for the sound of thunder, for the flash of light, and to make the farmer repent. Rain is for the sound of birds singing. Songs are for people to run away. Hats are for people to fiddle with. The stairs become a confessional and for people to sit on. Swinging the turnips is for people to steal them and run away, and to transition the scene to the landlord's car. The horn is to call people. Trees are for people to lean on. Cars are for people to lean on. Corn is for emitting smoke, for throwing away, for burning, and for hiding in clothes. Fences are for jumping over and crawling under. Baskets are for dropping. Shoes are for holding in your hands. Fireplaces are for blowing smoke. Socks are for putting on. Marriage is forbidden so that they can be allowed by singing. Songs are contagious. Playing cards are for smashing and putting down. Cars are for shaking and for honking their horns. Glass is for mirrors. The ground is for making noise. You sit on a bench so that you will be knocked over by a car. Cars knock down trees and fences and for flipping other cars over. Hats are for smashing. Aprons are for dishcloths. Metal fittings are for throwing away. Headlights are for breaking, pulling out, and throwing away. Hoods are for mirrors. Bumpers are for people to sit on. Fallen leaves are for falling. Your son gets married so that you can drive to town. Exhaust fumes envelop people. Tubes are for dropping and leaving things. Forests become churches. Trees are for people to hide behind. Ground is for casting shadows. Hot water is for emitting smoke, and for sticking your hand in, getting burned, and throwing chicory. Car seats don't go down so they can be removed and turned into a truck. Feet are for honking the horn. The son pushes his father so his wife will apologize and go sell firewood in the car. Firewood is for throwing. Passenger cars become trucks. Puddles are for splashing with the car, and also mirrors. Cars are for crashing into other cars and pushing them off the road. Hats are for taking off. Money can't be borrowed. Sidewalks are for sitting, and also for sitting and watching hotels. Mud is for picking up. Firewood can't be sold. Spare tires are for selling. Lights are for turning on and shaking. Pens are for touching. Hands become pens. Lights are for turning on and off. Beds become clothes racks. Clothes are there to be dropped and thrown out the window. The hotel is there to put the son to sleep, steal the car, sell it to the police chief, and be driven out of town (going to town means being driven out = indicating that farmers cannot survive in town). Songs are there because they cannot be sung. Buttocks are there to be kicked. Bridges are there to throw people off. Windows are there for people to go in and out. Fences are there to cast shadows and for people to break through. The groom's wife runs away to get her sister out of the house. The groom blocks the road to cause a car accident. The ground is used to store vegetables. Complaining is there to get beaten. Cars are there to be flipped over (cars are destroyed because they have served their purpose). The daughter is dirty so that her face can be washed, her dress put on, and her hat put on. Fences are there for people to jump over. Cigarettes are there to release smoke and to be thrown out. Trees, fences, people, and cars are there to project silhouettes. Sleeping in the car is there to be surprised by the destination. Leaving home is for coming back. Tubes are for fiddling.

■ "HOW GREEN WAS MY VALLEY" (1941) 117 min 7/21
A shawl becomes a cloth. A chimney is for emitting smoke (tremendous). Cigarettes are for emitting smoke. Trees are for swaying in the wind. Stones are for rolling down. An apron becomes a piggy bank. Coins are for throwing down. A hat is for taking off (thorough). Hot water is for emitting smoke and for pouring over one's head. Snacking on bread is for making people pray. A knife is for hitting people's hands. The ceiling is for casting shadows. Window frames and curtains are for casting shadows. The ground is for casting shadows. Going to buy sweets is to meet one's sister-in-law. Walls are for people to lean against. Pants are not for touching. People cast shadows. The eldest son's wedding is to bring his sister and the pastor together. Trees cast shadows. Beans are thrown and scattered. Cakes are made to look like they're about to fall. Barrels are for people to sit on. Hats are made to hold alcohol and be worn. Mother shows her underwear to invite the pastor to visit. Smoke casts shadows. Pay cuts are to cause strikes. Rain makes Father work in the rain, making his sons angry and causing them to run away, and also to cast shadows. Knives are used to hit plates and cough to announce their presence. Stones are thrown and windows are broken. Doors are opened and closed to cast shadows. Snow falls. The wind howls. People fall so they won't be helped up. The blizzard is to drop the mother and boy into ice water, making the boy unable to walk, to bring the pastor to visit him and forge a close relationship with his sister, to help his bedridden mother recover, to have the miners sing songs to reconcile them and bring the brothers home, to have his sister-in-law read to him and forge a close relationship with him, and to have the pastor rehabilitate the boy. The clothes are to be thrown down. The hair is to be blown by the wind. The lattice is to cast shadows. The cane is to tap the floor and ceiling. The window is for birds to come and go. The birds announce the arrival of spring. The chair is to cast shadows and also serves as a backrest. The chair is tilted upside down. The saucer is for holding tea (though it may be functional in some regions). The deacon opposes the union to get the pastor to recognize it and unite the family. The chair is for resting one's feet. The pastor puts firewood in the fireplace so that his hands get dirty and touch his sister's hand, letting her know that he used to work in the coal mine. The man is a pastor so that he won't marry his sister. The train whistle blows so that it rings out. The newspaper is to be thrown down. Ordering his mother not to talk about leaving home so that she can eavesdrop. Poverty so that his two brothers can go to America. The hat is to be waved. The song to the Queen is to get his two brothers to leave home in the meantime. The door is to be closed and make noise. The curtains are to flutter in the wind. The daffodil field becomes a rehabilitation center. The trees are for people to lean on. The flowers are to flutter in the wind. The bells ring out so that it rings out. The stairs are for rehabilitation. His unmarried mother makes his sister and the pastor fight. The table is for people to lie on. The chair legs are for people to cling to. The bottom is for spanking. The door is to be knocked on and make noise. The cup is for hiding. Foot dipping is so that the mine owner will be greeted barefoot. Also so that he will sneeze. Hats are to be thrown down. The pastor comes home at night so that he will be surprised to find his sister sitting in a chair with the lights on. Veils are to flutter in the wind. Fireplaces are to burn and to emit smoke. Pens are to be smashed down. Doors are not closed so that they will be closed. Desks are for people to lean on. Hats are to be knocked away. Pencil cases are to be smashed. People become tables. People go to school to be bullied and learn boxing, and so that adults can beat up the teachers who whip them. A circle of people forms a ring. Handkerchiefs are to be bitten and dropped. Clothes are to be dropped. Pillars are for people to lean on. Hats are to be smashed down. The ground is for people to sit on. Rags are to be thrown down. Sticks are to be thrown away. Whistles are to emit smoke and to sound. Walls are for people to climb on. The eldest son's death is so that his sister-in-law will give birth, and so that the boy will live with his sister-in-law and work in the coal mine (the eldest son exists to get married and die). The report card is so that it can be smashed down. Graduating at the top of his class is so that he can work in the coal mine. The boy works in the coal mine so that he can be there when his father dies. His low voice is so that it can crack. He is fired from the coal mine so that his two older brothers will leave the country. The rocking chair is so that it can be rocked. The father reads the Bible and the mother sleeps in the rocking chair so that she does not have to say goodbye to her sons. People are so that silhouettes are projected. The fireplace is so that flickering shadows are projected. The knocker is so that the boy can stretch. He carries the table and makes his own tea so that the housekeeper will get angry and rumors will spread. The sister comes home alone so that rumors will spread about her and the pastor. The lunchbox is so that it can be smashed down. The letter is so that it will not be delivered. The cup is so that it can be thrown away. The explosion is so that it will emit smoke. The coal mine accident is so that the pastor and the sister can be reunited. The hat is to identify the person. The jacket is to be left behind. The blind person is to indicate the passage of time. The knees are on the chair. The water surface is to create splashes, ripples, and wavering shadows. The water is to drip. The voice is to echo. The narrow width of the rockfall is to leave the father and boy alone together. The body is on the bed. The clouds are to gather.

■ "THEY WERE EXPENDABLE" (1945) 133 minutes 8/22
Ships are there to create spray (amazing). Flags and trees are there to sway in the wind. Cigarettes are there to exhale smoke. Pencils are there to be slammed down. Dances are there to take turns. The types of drinks correspond to the soldiers' abilities. Radios are there to be turned off. Songs are there to be interrupted. Transfer requests are there to be crumpled up and thrown away. Shelves are there for people to lean on. Orders are not issued there. Desks are there for people to sit on. Aircraft regiments are there to spread black smoke in the lines and into the sky. There are no breaks. Hats are there to be waved. Ships and machine guns are there to exhale smoke and roar. Bombs are there to create spray (tremendous). Airplanes are there to be shot at, exhale smoke and have holes blown in their fuselages. Rudders are there to rotate. The water surface is there to reflect light. Fires are there to exhale smoke. Water cannons are for splashing water (John Ford loves splashes). Bases are for collapsing. Fires are for projecting the shadows of flickering flames. Jeeps are for people to jump out of. Scissors are for compasses and throwing. Pencils are for dropping. Chairs are for resting feet on. Empty cans are for kicking. Hanging loads are for hitting heads on and shaking. Trees are for casting shadows. Sewage becomes soup. Bamboo blinds are for projecting shadows (making people look like zebras). Bandages are for slapping down. So they can't be deployed. Getting shot in the hand means you'll be hospitalized and meet a nurse. Thermometers mean you can't speak. Shirts are for tearing and having a woman sew them. Sheets are for throwing down. Pants are for a woman to take off. Walls are for people to lean against. Light becomes a streak. Cannons emit smoke and light. Ships are exposed to radiation, burst into flames, and spew smoke (it's incredible). Torpedoes spew smoke. Helmets are dropped. Brooms are held up. Tables are for people to lean on. Bragging is so no one can hear you. Playing cards are slammed down. Propellers roar. Air raids force surgeries to be performed in the dark. Cigarettes glow. Light bulbs sway. The ground becomes a mirror. Walls cast shadows. Porches are for people to sit on. Fog rolls in. Hammocks sway and people crawl through. Cannons roar and cast light and shadow. Railings are for people to put their feet on. Hats are for people to throw. The water's surface casts shimmering light onto the ground. Hats provide shade. Moorings are for people to sit on. Hats are for people to take off. Self-introductions are postponed. Candles flicker in the wind. Asking about a transfer is to inform the nurse of the man she has a crush on. Water is for spilling and drinking. Floors are for stomping. The space under the floor becomes an orchestra. The ground is for people to sit on. Cups are for banging. Wooden boxes are for people to sit on. Candles are for extinguishing and exhaling smoke. Ribbons are for fluttering in the wind. Pencils are for throwing down. Drums are for banging. The ground casts shadows. Cigarettes are not smoked. Hats go in the storage box. Telephones don't connect. Signs are taken down. Receivers are slammed down. Top secret missions are for separating men and women. Hats are for signing. People are for moving aside. The sea is for jumping in and splashing water. Talk of medals is not heard. Hats are for slamming down. Stones are for throwing and splashing water. Ships are for pulling. The right elbow is for touching with the left hand. The edges of the boat and the luggage are for people to sit on. The mooring is for people to lean against. The main character of "Tess" is eight torpedoes. The chimney and the ground are for scattering smoke. The hammer is for throwing. The barrel is for throwing down. The ladder is for kicking down. The boat runs aground for repairs. The cannon scatters black smoke into the air (amazing). The crash is for emitting smoke. The fallen tree is for people to crawl under. The machine gun is for splashing water. The pile of straw is for people to hide under. The bar is so it can't be closed. The shoes are for hanging around the neck. The bar is for listening to the radio. The chairs are upside down. The bills are for dropping and placing. The knees are for slapping. The brim of the hat is for pulling down. The boat is for people to jump off. The flag is for taking home. The mooring is for putting your feet on. The ground is for people to lie down on. The jeep is for backing up. The bag and binoculars are for passing each other. The jeep is for people to lean on. Numbers 29 and 20 don't appear so that letters and messages can be entrusted to numbers 31 and 32. The lieutenant gets off the plane so he doesn't get off. He goes home so he can come back. The plane is for looking up at.

■ "MY DARLING CLEMENTINE" (1946) 97 minutes 7/14
The rope is for hitting thighs. The ground is for scattering smoke (it's very smoky). The cows aren't for selling. The dirt is for washing dishes. The saloon is for making noise. The kettle is for emitting smoke. The clothes are for throwing down. The chairs are for almost tipping over. The mirrors are for shooting and shattering. The steam is for shooting and emitting smoke. The beard is for not being able to shave. The ornaments are for shooting down. The guns are for emitting smoke. The feet are for closing doors. The windows are for people to go in and out of. The ground is for casting shadows. People are for dragging. Butts are for kicking. Rain is for pouring down. Leaving your brother alone to go to town is so he can have his brother killed and become sheriff. Gravestones are for people to sit on. Chimneys are for emitting smoke. Tables are for resting your feet on. Coins are for throwing, and throwing again. Playing cards and coins are for throwing down. Cigarettes are for emitting smoke. Walls are for people to lean against. Singing is for peeking at cards. Water buckets are for throwing women into. Shawls are for slamming. Bags are for throwing down. Hats are for smashing. Gamblers are for getting thrown out. Hats are for putting chips in. Glasses are for sliding. Music is for stopping. Guns are for sliding. Drinking alcohol is for coughing. Canes and hands are for hitting tables. Fences are for resting your feet on. Hats are for throwing and hitting people. Shoes are for throwing. Chairs are upside down. Tables are for people to sit on. The mouth is a bottle opener. The liquor bottle is to be shot and smashed. The table is for people to sit on and put their feet on. The lamp is to be shaken. The glass is to be dropped and smashed. The actor's knife is held in a reverse grip. The knife is to be dropped. The actor forgetting his lines is to indicate the doctor's lack of education. The gun is for hitting people and shooting them away. The actor disappears to have a shootout with the enemy in the saloon. The pillar is for people to step on. The gambler is to be chased away. The wheel is for people to climb up. The hotel is understaffed so the sheriff can be made to work as a porter. The sugar is for people to spill. The pencil is for people to put in their hats. The pot is for people to exhale smoke. The glass is a mirror. The picture frame is for people to throw glasses at and smash. The cork is for people to pull out and drop. The glass is for people to throw and smash. The dishcloth is for people to throw down. The lamp is for people to shoot down and set the table on fire. The counter is for people to climb over. The pillars are for people to lean on. The neighing is so that milk can be splashed on their foreheads. The chairs are for balancing. Under the bed is for searching for glasses. The flag is for fluttering in the wind. The bell is for ringing. People are for bumping into each other. The bags are for slamming things down. The medals are for identifying people. The stones are for throwing. The fallen trees are for stopping horses. The skirts become handkerchiefs. The roofs are for people to jump off. The medals end up in the singer's hands so that the enemy will shoot the singer and the doctor will operate on him. The handkerchiefs are for biting. The walls are for casting shadows. The desks become operating tables. The third son chases the sniper so that he will be shot and killed. The lamps are for emitting smoke. The bullets are for throwing things down. The fences are for people to climb over. The hats are for waving. The carriages are for people to hide in and to scatter dust to obstruct the view. The feet open the fences. The water surface is for shooting and creating splashes. The doctor coughs so he'll be shot. The fence is for people to fall through. The gun is for dropping. The horse is for blocking the view. The rifle is for throwing down. The fence is for people to straddle. The hat is for taking off. The skirt is for fluttering in the wind.

■ "THE FUGITIVE" (1947) 99 minutes 8/18
A human figure forms a cross. The ground casts shadows. Light forms streaks. The cross is for standing upright. The fog is for rolling in. People cast silhouettes. The boat emits smoke. The water's surface projects shimmering light onto the ground. The bell rings. The candle flickers in the wind and casts shimmering shadows. Water shines. The mattress hides bundles of cash and a gun. The bed is for hanging an umbrella. The pillar is for striking a match. Striking a match on the pillar is for noticing a wanted poster. The wanted poster is for graffiti. The cigarette emits smoke. Cobblestones are for the squeaking of horse hooves. Hats are for taking off. Cloaks are for throwing down. Hatboxes are for dropping. Tables are for resting feet on. Names are for getting wrong. Cloths are for throwing down. Rosaries are for tearing off and throwing away. Hats are for throwing and making them fly. Tables are for resting feet on. Chairs are for tilting. Matches become pens. Trees cast shadows. The ground emits smoke. Fruit is for scattering. Hats and pots are for stomping on. Water jars are for dropping and shattering. Tables are for tipping over. Churches become stables. Genders are for getting wrong. Churches are searched to find women and daughters. Horses go back and forth, and knock people over, and climb stairs. Stairs are for people to sit on, and for people to lie down. Water surfaces are mirrors, and create ripples. Bags are for dropping and placing down. Trees cast shadows and are used to post wanted posters. Campfires scatter smoke. Bridges drop wanted posters and send them flying down the river. The ground is for people to sit on. Frogs croak. Straw becomes a bed, hats become pillows. Ship whistles sound. Heads are for placing things on. The woman is dying to prevent the priest from boarding the ship. The wine is drunk to send the priest to the tavern, where he will be arrested and released. Walls project shadows. Stalls emit smoke. The ground shines. Levers are for turning. Windowpanes become mirrors. Chairs are for resting feet on. Bottles are for smashing. The space under the bed is for hiding alcohol. Walls are for people to lean against. Beads shake to project shadows onto the ground. Glasses are for smashing. The ground becomes a mirror. Buckets are for dropping. Hats are for dropping. The whistle is for swinging around. People are for bumping into. Coins are for tossing and placing. Slopes are for running up. Pots are for emitting smoke. Spoons are for dropping and placing. Lamps become matches. Glasses are for putting coins in and sliding them. Bills are for dropping and handing over. Cradles are for rocking. Women talk to put the priest to sleep. Counters are for banging. Pictures are for hiding alcohol. Bottles are for smashing and drinking. The priest is asleep so the woman can dance. Teeth are for pulling corks and spitting out. Counters are for people to dance on and for dragging people off. Fans are for dropping and picking up. Horses are for throwing people off. Guns are for shining and emitting smoke. Trees and fields are for people to hide. Bullets are for licking. Stone walls are for collapsing and crossing. Windows are for people to go in and out. Wanted posters become letters. People cast shadows. Wanted men are for helping the priest and then being arrested. The grid casts shadows. Thunder rumbles. Rain pours down and drips onto your face. Dolls hide the cross. The cross is dropped and picked up. Clothes are thrown down. Desks are for people to lean on. Doors are closed to cast shadows. The ground is stomped on. Keys are thrown down. Coins are dropped. Hats are for coins. Gunshots roar. Doors let in light.

■ "FORT APACHE" (1948) 128 minutes 7/24
People are there to project silhouettes. The ground is there to scatter dust. Flags are there to flutter in the wind. Trees are there to cast shadows. Hats are there to be dropped. Spittoons are there to sway. The hats are there to put on the mistress's head so her daughter can wash her face and meet the naked lieutenant. Washing her face is to cause a case of mistaken identity. The daughter's towel becomes the lieutenant's towel. The bottom is there to be spanked. The carriage doesn't go to the fort and the telegram doesn't arrive so the lieutenant colonel can't be greeted. The names are there to be wrong. The makeup mirror is there to allow someone to sneak a peek at the lieutenant. They don't shake hands. The fireplace is there to throw away cigarettes. The dance party is there to welcome the lieutenant colonel. The hats are there to be held. Reading a book is there to be surprise at the son's appearance. The cannons are there to emit smoke and also to wake people up. The bars are there to project shadows. Chimneys are for emitting smoke. Windowpanes are for mirrors. Hats are for taking off. Business cards are for making the daughter angry. Stairs are for people to sit on. Handrails are for people to climb over. Gloves are for hitting people. Clothes are messy so that you get scolded. Lines are repeated so that you don't drink alcohol. Clothes are for dropping along with the coat rack. Boots are for kicking. Toolboxes are for people to sit on. Names are for being called and passed down. Rifles are for picking up. Instructions are for changing. Planks are for hitting your butt. People are for throwing at people to knock them down. Fences are for horses to jump over. Hats are for waving. The room is messy so that the sergeant's wife and daughter become friendly. Candles are for matches. Cigarettes are for emitting smoke. Chairs are for collapsing and going back into the liquor cellar. Toasts cannot be made. People are for throwing. Bareback horses are for throwing people off. Tails are for grabbing. Pencils are for banging and putting down. Following on horseback is because you can't keep up. Bandanas are for banging and blowing smoke, and for identifying people. Long rides are for finding soldiers attacked by Indians, and for forbidding the daughter's father from associating with her. Wagons are for burning. Hats are for dropping and picking up, and for fanning. Bandanas are for throwing down. No one can interfere. Suggestions are for revising. Shouting is because you can't shout. Gunshots are for ringing out, and for signaling. Guns are for blowing smoke. People pile on top of each other. Sails are for flapping in the wind. Sabers become whips. Bottles are for kicking. Rifles are for banging on doors. Doors are for kicking down. Gutters are for people to cling to. Rifles are for throwing down, and for smashing barrels. Gloves are for hitting people in the face. Alcohol becomes the Bible. Alcohol is for spitting out, and for burning. Matches are for dropping. Wooden boxes are for knocking over. Hammers are for throwing. Rifles are for smashing. Wooden boxes are for stepping on. Disposing of liquor leads to drinking parties. Ranks are for getting them wrong. Compost is for shoveling. Liquor bottles are for throwing into the valley. Rivers are for crossing. People are for getting them wrong. Dishcloths are for throwing down. The daughter comes to the lieutenant's house so that the lieutenant can announce his marriage to her father who follows her. Tree branches are for tying flags. Drinking from a water bottle is for noticing light. Lights flicker. Clothes flutter in the wind. The ground is for people to sit on. Floors are for stomping. Feet are for tripping people. People are for stepping on. Dance parties are for welcoming the captain, and for canceling them. One last song is played so that the daughter and lieutenant can kiss outdoors. Hats are for slapping knees, and for throwing away. Transfer orders never arrive. The departure for battle is to be seen off by the women. The non-respectful language is used to force them to use it. The hats are for exhaling smoke. The merchants are to have the cavalry confront the Indians. The gloves are for hitting feet. The sand is for grabbing and discarding. The gloves are for slamming down and then picking up. The reckless plan is to relieve the company commander of his duties and allow him and the lieutenant to survive. No questions are asked. The hats are for being blown away by the wind. The scarves are for throwing away. The rocks are for people to hide behind. The carriages are toppled and used as barricades. The lieutenant colonel's horse runs away so he can borrow the captain's saber and horse to reach the circle formation. Opinions are not heard. The cloth is for swinging around. The ground makes a loud noise. The belts are for dropping and leaving behind. The battle flag is for being seized and stabbed. The dust makes the screen completely white (terrible). The ground casts shadows.

■ "3 GODFATHERS" (1948) 106 minutes 8/13
Trains and the ground are for scattering smoke (both are impressive). Heads are for scratching. Horses and people are for projecting silhouettes. People are for projecting shadows onto the ground (many times). The water surface is for mirrors and ripples. Fences are for striking matches. Matches are for throwing away. Cigarettes are for continuing to smoke. Flowerbeds are for people to hide. Names are for laughing at. Hats are for taking off (they take them off many times). Grass is for spanking. Trees are for swaying in the wind. Grass is for throwing away. Fences are for placing trays on. Horses are for people to sit on (not straddle). They stop by the sheriff's house to hear about his niece and son-in-law, and to have the wanted man introduce himself (the couple treats the three of them very well for this reason). They have the sheriff work in the fields so that he can later wear a vest with a badge. Laundry sways in the wind. Handkerchiefs and hats are for waving. Wheels are for people to climb on. Lines are repeated to sound surprised. Pillars are for striking matches. Chairs are for resting feet on. Cigarettes are for throwing away. Guns exhale smoke. Fruit baskets are for dropping from carriages. Sacks are for throwing. Horses are for throwing people off. Women's carriages are for the sheriff to confiscate. Pedestrians are for scattering. Water bags are for shooting through and splashing water. Rifles are for throwing. Slopes are for getting people off horses and walking. Water bags are for throwing away. Water is for drinking so people drink too much. And also for not drinking enough. Horses are for dragging people down. Complaints are for offering rewards. Whistles are for sounding (very loud). Water towers are for not being able to drink water. Sacks are for throwing down and throwing things over. The roof of a train is for people to stand on. Playing cards are for tearing up and scattering. Slopes are for people to hide on. Water from a tap is swayed by the wind. Water is for spitting out. Puddles are for splashing water. The ground is for people to sit on and lie down on. The ground becomes a map. Gun belts and horse tack are for throwing down. The wind is for howling (terrible) and kicking up dust (a series of sandstorms). Grass is for swaying in the wind. Horse tails are for people to grab onto. Hollows are for people to hide in. Sand is for people to get buried in. Water is not drinkable. Ropes are for slamming down. Sandstorms are for letting horses escape. Spurs are for throwing away. Hats are for shaking off dust from clothes and slapping down. Horses do not move. Steam from trains casts shadows on the ground. Blankets and water bottles are for dropping down. The canopy is to flutter in the wind. The bank robbery is to escape into the desert and take the baby. The water source is blown up to make it impossible to drink the water, to make the husband chase his horse and disappear, and to make the sheriff hate the trio. The machete and hat are to be dropped. The cactus is to squeeze out the water droplets. The whistle is to call for help. The cactus is to be dropped. The Mexican is to take out the baby. The gun belt is to be dropped. The mother is dying and the father is stupid and missing so that the three will be made godparents and promise to protect the baby. The lamp flame is to be extinguished by the wind. The shovel is to scatter sand. The desert becomes a graveyard. The shirt is to flutter in the wind. The railing is for people to sit on and put their feet on. The scarf is to flutter in the wind. The water bucket is for people to step over. The name is to be added. The carriage chocks are for taking grease. The grease is to be smashed away, and the hat is for sun protection. Grease is applied to the baby for everyone to laugh at. A wooden box becomes a chair. The steps of a carriage become a seat for people to sit on. Ribbons flutter in the wind. Wheels become bookshelves. Hats become fans. Water bottles and Bibles are knocked over. Knocking over the Bible means reading the open page and putting it into practice. Rattles are for shaking. Claiming to hold the baby with two people means letting three people hold it. Luggage becomes a chair. Hair is for grabbing. Cloth becomes a sponge. Boot heels are for knocking off. Clothes are for dropping and leaving. Dresses are for identifying people. Luggage bags and water bottles are for throwing away (empty water bottles must always be thrown away in Westerns). Gun belts are for dropping and leaving (later, when committing suicide, borrowing a gun from John Wayne makes an impression). Arm slings and hat strings flutter in the wind. Salt Lake becomes a cemetery. Slopes are for rolling people down to break their legs and commit suicide. Coyotes are for committing suicide. Gunshots are there to ring out. Hats are there to be dropped. Rocks are there to lean on. Water droplets are there to sparkle as they fall. Cloth is there to throw away. Trousers are there to hold things. Bibles are thrown away so that the wind can flip them open and make you read them. Caves are there to echo voices. Cloth is there to flutter in the wind. Clouds are there to gather. Cigarettes are there to exhale smoke. Rifles are there to break glasses. Chairs are there to knock over. People are there to be kicked over. Saloons become courtrooms. Laughter is there because it's not funny. Hats are there to wave.

■ "SHE WORE A YELLOW RIBBON" (1949) 102 minutes 8/23
Ribbons and flags are for fluttering in the wind. Guns, the ground, and cigarettes are for exhaling smoke. Burlap sacks are for throwing things down. Bags are for throwing things over. Horses are for jumping onto. Water jars are for hiding bottles. Changing clothes is for turning a blind eye to stolen liquor. Chimneys are for exhaling smoke (terrible). Horse breath is for making white mist. Skirts are for fluttering in the wind. Arrows are for identifying the owner and demonstrating the skill of the sergeant who identified them. Flags are for casting shadows. No one can interfere. Straw hats are for casting shadows. Apologies are impossible (many times). The picnic is cancelled. The setting sun is for casting red. Hats are for taking off (many times). People are for casting shadows. The grave visit is to announce the death of the captain's wife and to receive flowers from his daughter. The table is for resting feet on. The dog is for lying down and not moving. The protest is for putting it in writing. Kisses are not possible. The coat is for throwing. The carriage is for shaking. The hat is for waving (many times, with great force). The Indians are for making the group take a detour. The suggestion is ignored. The skirt becomes a handkerchief. The buffalo is for uniting the Indians. The gunshot is for sound. The horse is for throwing people off. The ground is for people to lie on. The slope is for people to hide. The arrow in the hat is for identifying its owner. The fallen hat is for the Indians to attack the sergeant after he dismounts his horse. The valley is for jumping over. The thunder is for flashing and rumbling (real thunder). Dumbleweed is for being run over by the wheels. Offering alcohol is for drinking it oneself. The corporal gets injured so that surgery can be performed in the carriage. Buttocks are for spanking. Fires are for emitting smoke. Fences are for horses to jump over. Carriages are for burning. Gloves are for slapping hands. The ground is for people to sit on. Fences and trees are for people to lean on. Privates are for sergeants to become captains and then die. Fences are for kicking down. Wives are brought along so that the mission will fail and they will turn back. Burning carriages are for kicking down. The ground is for casting shadows. Flags are for sewing. A whistle is a signal. Gloves are for slamming. Cloaks are for throwing and hanging on fences. Buttons are unbuttoned so that they can be fastened again. Daughters are taken for walks so that lieutenants and second lieutenants can duel. The duel will be called off. Spit is for spitting. Fallen trees are for people to hide behind. Campfires are for emitting smoke and burning people. Arms dealers are for being killed. Firearms are for throwing down. Chewing tobacco is not for chewing. Dirt mounds are for carriages to go over. Volunteers are not allowed. Units with many married men are excluded so that the lieutenant can be informed of the dangers of his duties. Slopes are for carriages to ride up and down, and for dropping cargo. Rivers are for crossing and splashing water. Trousers are for tucking bottles into. Dangerous missions are for the lieutenant and his daughter to kiss, and for the lieutenant and second lieutenant to become full-fledged officers. Hats are for banging down. Lamps are for matches. Doors are for people to cling to. Cigarettes are for throwing away. Cloaks are for throwing down. Boilers are for burning calendars. Glasses are for wiping. Dedications are for the captain to wear reading glasses. Handkerchiefs are for passing back and forth. Stairs are for people to sit on. Belts? are for dropping down. Canes are for saluting and for striking counters. Hammers are for dropping. Chairs are for people to sit on. The counter is for people to roll around on, and for people to sit on. The broom is for hitting people. The table is for people to sit on and tip over. The glasses and bottles are for throwing and breaking windows. The stairs are for people to tumble down. People are for hitting chairs and tipping them over. The hat is for handing over and hitting someone. People are for bowling. The table is for hitting. The chair is for tipping over people and chairs. The sergeant is made to wear civilian clothes and drink alcohol so he can be arrested and taken into protective custody. The fallen tree is for people to sit on. The cape is for dropping and leaving things. The gift is a clock to show the remaining time. The back is for being crushed. The arrow is for sticking into the ground, pulling it out, breaking it, spitting on it, and throwing it back. The feather is for fluttering in the wind. The ground is for making noise. The herd of horses is for scattering. The clock is for people to read. The people and horses project silhouettes. Leaving is for being called back. The letter is for hitting. The lines are for repetition.

■ "WAGON MASTER" (1950) 85 minutes 7/31
Wanted posters are torn and flutter in the wind. Spurs are to clang. Guns emit smoke. Lamps are to flicker. Water reflects light and also ripples. Wagons and horses and riders are to project silhouettes. Calculations are impossible. The ground is to project shadows. Trees are to be chopped up. Fences are for people to sit on (many times). Hats are for putting money in. Whistling makes the horses run wild and throws the sheriff off, and also foreshadows doing the same thing again later. $50, Grandpa is to anger the Mormons. Refusing the offer is for accepting it later. Playing cards are to be thrown down. Tables are for resting feet on. Glasses are for throwing coins into. Poker is to inspire the outside cowboy. Stones are for smashing. Speeches are to be interrupted. Campfires are for scattering smoke (terrible). Horns are for blowing. Hats are for waving. Songs are for becoming a wagon master. Rivers are for crossing. Guitars are for playing. Hats are for taking off. Cigarettes are for coughing and throwing away. Cloth is for kicking. Liquor bottles are for knocking things over. Wagons are for catching women who fall out of them. Mixing alcohol into the water for the donkeys is to let them go and have a troupe of traveling performers join the wagon train. Breasts are for holding matches? Matches and grass are for throwing away. The ground is for scattering smoke. People are for bumping into each other. Butts are for bumping into each other. Trousers are for tearing. Hats are for beating off dust. Beards are for not shaving, and for shaving later. Water is for throwing from dishes. Water is for splashing on horses to make them bolt and throw men off. Baths are for when you can't bathe and can bathe later. Wagons are for carrying women down. Wagons and wheels are for people to lean on. The ground is for kicking up smoke as you walk. Shoes are for changing. Gunshots are for making horses bolt and leading them to the river. The river is for jumping in and splashing. The river is for the doctor to shave and for the singer to bathe. Saddles are for throwing down. The floor is for stomping. Fallen trees are for people to sit on and jump over. Hats are for throwing down. Dances are for introducing wanted criminals. Robbers are for injuring the boss and getting the wagon train to come to his rescue. Eggs are for dropping in and throwing away the shells. Cloth is for dropping down. Mouths are for opening bottles. The "doctor" is in the troupe to operate on wanted criminals. Laundry is for throwing. Horses are for people to jump off. Breakfast is for when you can't eat together. No talking allowed. The liquor bottle is for throwing. Falling off the horse is for the quicksand to change the path, causing the scout to get lost and encounter the Indians. The slope is for going up and down. The belt is for dropping and putting down. The head is for scratching. The campfire is for casting light. The tarp is for casting shadows. You can't invite someone to dance. You can't sit on the bed. The connecting pole is for stepping over. The sand is for getting covered in. The clothes are for tearing. The wheel is for tying people down. Attacking the Indian woman is for getting whipped. The cigarette is for exhaling smoke. Parting ways with the traveling performers is to skip the process of getting the wanted man to hold up (the group returns). The belt is for stepping on and being pushed away. The gun is for throwing far away (3 times). The apron is for hiding the gun. The hat is for slapping your face. Being offered alcohol is for not drinking. The liquor bottle is for dropping and breaking. The horse is for people to sit on (not straddle). Bacon is for slapping people in the face. Horses are for identifying people. The sheriff questions religious people to get them to whistle and fall off their horses. Ropes are for untying and burning, and for nailing to fences. Fences are for placing cups on. Sand is for grabbing and throwing. Trousers are for holding guns. Old roads disappear so roads can be built into cliffs for carriages to run on. Rocks are for dropping and creating smoke. Carriages and barrels are for rolling down. Light forms streaks. Luggage is for dropping from carriages. Wheels are for people to climb on. Carriages are for people to fall from, and for people to hide in. Hats are for dropping.

■ "RIO GRANDE" (1950) 105 min 9/9
The ground is there to scatter smoke (enormously). The river is there to be crossed and splash water. Horses and men are there to project silhouettes. Trees are there to cast shadows (very much) and to sway in the wind (fiercely). Flags are there to sway in the wind. Bells are there to ring. Dialogue is there to be repetition. Chimneys are there to emit smoke. Hats are there to be slammed down. Tables are there for people to lean on and put their feet on. Coffee is there because it tastes bad. Hats are taken off to be put back on. The reply is to mistakenly say "Yo!" Roll call is to let the lieutenant colonel know of his son's existence. Not returning the salute will get you reprimanded. Hats are there to be dropped. Tents are height charts. Fences are there for horses to jump over. Grass is there to chew on. Horses are there for jumping on and standing on. Hats are for waving, for whipping, and for dropping. The ground is for people to sit on. Sand is for grabbing and throwing. Horses are for people to hide behind. Fences are so horses can't jump over them. Water buckets are for people to fall into and splash water. Explanations of fouls are for being enforced. Water is for splashing in people's faces. Gloves are for slapping thighs. Not telling the cause of a fight is for reconciliation. Badmouthing a father is for making a son duel. People are for throwing each other at each other and knocking each other down. Chewing tobacco is for spitting out. Brushing the dust off one's arm is for being surprised by the presence of one's husband. Hats are for taking off. Candles are for flicking in the wind. Pillars are for people to lean against. Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke. Insects are for chirping. The floor is for stomping. Coughs are for making noise. Blankets and hats are for throwing. Canopies are for flapping in the wind. Campfires are for scattering smoke. The spell is to stop it. The offer to hold him is to be refused. Everyone sings a song so they can leave the son behind. The belt is to hold the gloves. The Indian signal is to be used for the coyote. The lamp is to be turned off and a silhouette is projected onto the tent. The horse is to throw people off. The gun and cannon are to emit smoke. The straw is to be burned so the horses can escape. The torch is to be thrown away. The fence is for people to jump over. The light becomes a belt. The scarf is to be snatched. The shoulder becomes a clothesline. The underwear is to be slammed down. The rope is to be dropped and left. The hand is to spit. The water bucket is to be thrown away. The pole becomes a chair. The slope is for riding horses up and down. The chair becomes a liquor cellar. The walking stick is to be sharpened and also to hit the palms. The chair is to rest your feet on. The signal fire emits smoke. The hat is to be thrown away. Matches are for throwing away. Tents are dark so that lamps can be lit and kissed. Tents are for striking matches. Birds sing so that they can be heard. Lamps are for matches. Tips are for brushing off. Doors are for slamming shut. Saddles are for throwing. Chairs are for knocking over. Gun barrels are for slamming down. Grilles cast shadows on the ceiling. Chairs are for knocking over. Pencils are for slamming down. Tablecloths flutter in the wind. Coins are for dropping down. Laundry is done to get Confederate currency. Railings are for placing feet on. Stones are for placing feet on. Rocks are for people to hide behind. Water bottles are for dropping down. Canned goods are for throwing. Falls from horses are for the following cavalry to pick up. Horses are for jumping over other horses. Chariot drivers are shot so that cavalry can jump onto the chariots. Chariots are for dropping people from them, and for knocking over to make barricades. They split into two groups so that the son could guard his mother, then a messenger could go and fetch his father, allowing the deserter to rescue them, and also to have the children kidnapped. The bottles? are for throwing away. The horses are for knocking other horses down, and for laying them down to use as barricades. The aprons and scarves are for fluttering in the wind. The puddles are for splashing water when walked on, and for making the water's surface sparkle and ripple. The fog is for creating a thick layer of mist. The corporal's wife is for being killed. The wanted man steals the lieutenant colonel's horse and escapes so that he can instruct someone to assess its condition and select the lieutenant colonel's son for the church assault team. The canyon is for echoing voices. The trees are for striking. The bells are for hitting people on the head, because they can't shout loudly. The cross is for peepholes and firing holes. The benches are for beds, and for kicking people off of them. The rifles are for dropping and for misfiring. The stairs are for the horses to climb. The church becomes a stable. The beams cast shadows. The lieutenant colonel is shot with an arrow so his son can remove it. The fort is for the troops to return to. The ground casts shadows. The grass is for snatching from the mouth. The parasol is for spinning. The Dixieland is for ringing out.

■ "WHAT PRICE GLORY" (1952) 107 minutes 7/28
The fog is for rising. The chimney is for emitting smoke. The water is for spitting out. Drinking water from the water source is for answering questions. The ladle is for dropping and setting down. The cigarette is for dropping. The rifle is for handing over. The puddle is for people to jump over. People cast shadows. People are for carrying into the counter area. The dishcloth is for throwing. The aisle is narrow so chairs are moved to bump the pianist into the piano to make noise, and so liquor bottles are dropped for people to catch. Picking up beer bottles is for paying off debts. The piano is for people to lean against. Hot water is for exhaling smoke. The woman carries the hot water so that her father can take over and sing. The ashtray is for striking matches. Matches are for putting in your mouth. The hat is for knocking it off. Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke. The bat is for hitting the table. Cigarettes are for taking out and putting back in your mouth. The nose is for pinching. Hot water is for pouring over people's heads. The bath is for drinking alcohol and exhaling smoke. Boots become a washbasin. The young man stays at the Frenchman's house so that he may meet his daughter. The pillow is for throwing in someone's face. The cigarette pack is for throwing down. The replacement soldier is young so that he may die in battle and be trained by the sergeant. The cup is for throwing away. The glasses are for putting on. The table is for resting your feet on. Breakable objects are for moving to safety. The walking stick and hat are for throwing down. The chair is for tipping over and standing up. The ground becomes a blackboard. Chalk is for throwing, and throwing away. Spit is for spitting. Transfer requests are for throwing, and tearing, crumpling, and throwing away. Frosted glass is for projecting silhouettes. Chairs are for banging down. Luggage becomes a chair. Walls are for people to lean against. Bags are for throwing. Wheel chocks are for throwing down. Motorcycles are for emitting smoke. The surface of the water becomes a mirror. Railings are for putting your feet on. Rifles become barbells, and throw them. The ground is for people to sit on. Laughing while sitting on the railing is for jumping into the river and splashing water. Shopping is for bumping into marching soldiers. The floor is for stomping. Grilles are for projecting shadows. Bathtubs are for people to sit on, and put their feet on. Knees become chairs. Speaking in French is for getting answers in English. Fountains are for people to sit on. The ground rumbles. Motorcycles are for crashing into piles of bonfires. The captain is away so that the sergeant and the French woman can get close in the meantime. Towels are for wetting and hitting people. Letters are for reading upside down, and for rolling up and throwing away. Clothing boxes are for throwing. Letters are for slamming down, and for listening to the sound of the bundle. Pens are for slamming. Chairs are for sitting upside down. Desks are for people to sit on. The mouth is a bottle opener. Alcohol is for throwing away. Things on the desk are for sweeping off. Deployment orders are for postponing weddings. Things on the desk are for sliding off. Desks are for banging. Cigarettes are for throwing away. Clothing boxes are for throwing down. Because you can't smoke. Brigs are for sheltering inexperienced soldiers. Butts are for kicking. Crosses are hat racks. Thickets are for people to hide in. Insects are for chirping. Guns and machine guns are for emitting smoke and for roaring. Bombs are for scattering dust. Rifles are not given. Buildings are blown up. Helmets are for throwing away. Spurs and rank insignia indicate inexperience. Telephones are for mistaking the person on the other end. A voice that's too quiet on the phone sounds too loud. Charcoal is for smearing on your face. Cigarettes are for passing around. Flares fly up into the air. Candles become matches. Cans are for kicking and rolling. Cigarettes are for spitting out. Belts and bags are for throwing away. Barbed wire is for people to crawl under. The ground is for people to crawl on. Dust clouds fall down. Bombs glow. Rifles are for breaking windows. Windows are for people to go in and out of. Window frames are for people to sit on. Rice paddles are for smashing. Colonels become cooks. Aprons hide the uniform. Salutes are for not shaking hands (something Keaton often does). Liquor bottles are for throwing away. Sending someone to capture an enemy officer is to injure the sergeant and send him back to town (the enemy officer ends up dead, so the mission fails). A new recruit captures an enemy officer so he'll be blown up immediately afterward. He won't get any leave. Stairs are for people to lean on. Lamps are for people to climb. Throwing a hat behind you is to make the sergeant dramatically appear, then throw it back, then slam it down again. The hat size is to identify the person. The liquor bottle is to knock on the door and make the liquor spray out. Clothes are to drop and leave. The remaining liquor is to put in the liquor bottle. Stairs are for emotion. Feet are to trip people up. Guns are to drop. Dice are to throw and leave. Clothes are to wipe hands. Lamps are to knock off and make the room pitch black, and also to set the floor on fire. Headlamps are to project light. Guns are to slam down. Light forms a streak. People are to project silhouettes. The deployment order is intended to resolve the love triangle.

■ "THE QUIET MAN" (1952) 128 minutes 9/2
The water ripples and sparkles. The train emits smoke. The sleeping bag is dropped and left there. The road is not shown. The train whistle blows. The trees sway in the wind. The soles of shoes are used to strike matches. Smoking a cigarette is done to surprise the girl's presence. Height and origin are not accurate. The railings are for people to sit on. The bells ring. The trees cast shadows. The cigarette emits smoke. The priest talks to the drunkard to get the boxer out and meet the girl (the content of the conversation is not revealed). The hat is taken off (at every moment). The church is to reunite the boxer and the girl. The holy water is used to anger the girl's brother. The gateposts are for people to hide. The ribbon sways in the wind. The shoes are used to wipe. The brother declares that the widow will not sell the house in order to force her to sell it. Potatoes are placed and rolled around. Walking sticks are thrown down. Because there is no food to eat. Spitting on the floor is to make the sister angry. Rags are thrown at people's faces and also slammed down. Writing names in a notebook is to erase names. Vases are slammed down. Doors are slammed shut. Tables are for people to sit on. Clothes are thrown down. Fireplaces become trash cans. Lamps become matches. Because there is no greeting. Walking sticks are used to bang on the counter. Walls are for people to lean against. Walking sticks and pencils are used to point at people. Lamps are put away. Walking sticks and hats are used to slam things down. Coats are used as blindfolds and also thrown at people's faces. Laughing is because there is no laughing. Handshakes become contests of strength. Wind makes a roaring sound. Smoke from chimneys and brooms indicate the presence of people. Fireplaces are for casting flickering shadows. Windows are for casting the silhouettes of trees. Curtains are for swaying in the wind. The wind is for opening and closing doors. Windows are for throwing stones at and breaking. Glass becomes a mirror. Hair and aprons are for swaying in the wind. The daughter cleans so she can kiss the boxer. Streams are for people to cross and splash. Lines are for repetition. The pastor is for uncovering the boxer's "origins." Big beds are for carrying. Wheels are for people to climb on. Voices are for cracking. Names are for getting wrong. Toolboxes and baskets are for people to sit on. Wine is for refilling. Corks are for throwing away. The floor is for placing bottles. Sheets are for tossing. Hands are for spitting. Clothes are for slapping down. Bouquets cannot be given. Railings are for casting shadows. Rain pours down. Bouquets are for throwing away. The river is for crossing on horseback and splashing water. The fence is for jumping over on horseback. The poster is for swaying in the wind. The hat and armband are for swaying in the wind. The hat is for being blown away by the wind. The stake is for hanging the hat. The cigarette is for throwing away. The handkerchief and hat are for waving. The seawater is for splashing water with the horseback. The brother doesn't approve of the marriage so as not to deceive him, make him angry, and prevent him from paying the dowry. The hat is for being left behind. The trees are for people to lean on. The bagpipes are for playing. The stone walls are for sitting on. Hands are for not being touched. The bouquet is for throwing down. The girl cannot be picked up from the carriage. Complimenting the hat is for making the girl angry. The flowers are for swaying in the wind. The bicycle is there so the lovers can escape. The command to stop is so the horses will listen, stop the carriage in front of the tavern, and leave the lovers alone. The boxer points into the distance so that his daughter can run off in his distraction. The bicycle is to knock over. The fountain is to remove the high heels and stockings. The hat is to put the gloves in and throw it far away. The thunder is to flash, to rumble, and to scare the daughter so that she will cling to the boxer and kiss him. The arch is for people to take shelter from the rain. The flash is to shine, and to emit smoke. The alcohol is for spitting out. The pianist is for being replaced. The toast is postponed. The coin is for dropping and setting down. The glass is for smashing. The alcohol is for throwing away. The coin is for flicking off the table so that someone can pick it up. The ground is for people to sit on. Being punched is to knock the boxer unconscious and make him reminisce. The knee is for a pillow. The fireplace is for emitting smoke. The veil is for throwing down. The lack of a dowry is to prolong the wedding night and to force a duel. The wall is for casting shadows. Desks are for people to lean on. Ceilings are for striking matches. Doors are for kicking down. Beds are for throwing the wife in and smashing them to surprise the drunkard. Glasses become ashtrays. Chairs are upside down (on the wagon). Furniture is for transport. Cradles are for rocking. Chairs are for resting feet on. Aprons become dishcloths. Stones are for throwing. Buttocks are for spanking. Horns are for blaring. Going to town is to surprise the wife by showing her the carriage, and to cause a fight between the couple so they can go their separate ways and meet the priest and pastor. Cows are for blocking the carriage. Stones are for kicking. Tree branches are for breaking with the knee and throwing away. Fishing is to distract from repentance and to let the catch escape. Entering the river and slamming the fishing rod into the water creates ripples and splashes. Stones are for striking matches. Flocks of birds are for flying away. Candles become matches. Doors are slammed shut to make everyone turn around. Alcohol is not drunk. Counters are slammed. Going to a bar is not to fight. Armrests are for people to sit on. Firewood is to throw into the fireplace. Smoking cigarettes is for your wife to light them. Grilles are to cast shadows. Birds chirp. You get on a train to be dragged back. Stations become stables. Many doors are open to be closed. Pillars are for people to get tangled in. Bags are for people to jump over. Conductor fights are stopped. Uniforms are taken off and then put back on. Luggage is for people to climb over. Tree branches are for people to crawl under. Slopes are for people to slide down. High heels come off because you get grabbed by the collar and dragged while trying to put them back on. Lariats miss and you get kicked in the butt. Tree branches become whips. Gunshots pinpoint locations. Plates shake. Chimneys emit smoke. Bills are for throwing. Boilers are for burning bills (there's a boiler out of nowhere). People are for pushing aside. Fodder is for people to crawl into. Water is for splashing in your face as a thank you. Feet are for biting. Guns are for spitting out smoke. Turning your back is for getting kicked. Priests are for gambling. Ponds are for falling in and splashing. Lending a hand is for getting punched. Police stations become bookies. Deathbed is for not dying. Fishing is for stopping. Gates are for jumping over. Walls are for people to hide in. Horses are for people to roll under its legs. Hats are for throwing. Heads are for scratching. People are for knocking others down. Counters are for slamming shut. Teeth are for spitting out. Treating someone is for not being able to treat someone. Coins are for slamming down. Alcohol is for splashing in people's faces. Doors are for breaking down and getting out with people inside. Stairs are for people to tumble down. Candles are for flickering in the wind. Alcohol is for spilling and pouring. Catholics become Protestants. Hats are for flying and slipping off. Scarves are for putting on and taking off. Tree branches are for throwing away. Stepping stones are for people to jump across. The water surface is a mirror.

■ "THE SUN SHINES BRIGHT" (1953) 99 minutes 12/5
Stakes are for people to sit on. The water surface is for rippling. Whistles are for sounding. Hands are in pockets to look at a watch and be surprised. Watches are for shaking. Trees cast shadows. Trumpets are for calling people and for striking and putting them down. Floors are for stomping. Ships emit smoke. Flags are for fluttering in the wind. Luggage is for people to sit on. Hats are for taking off (they are taken off everywhere). Greetings are for being ignored. Books are for holding and for identifying a person's occupation. Pots emit smoke. Bells ring. Grilles cast shadows. No one can get in the way. The floor is for people to sit on. Tables are for people to rest their feet on. Snoring is for loud noises. Walls are for people to lean against. Tables are for people to bang on. No one can speak. Matches are for people to smash. Tables are for people to sit on. Music is for people to change. Laughter is not funny. Hearths emit smoke. Shoes are for striking matches. Candles flicker in the wind. Generals do not attend. Trumpets are for people to blow but fail. Doors are for people to knock on and make a noise. Glass becomes a mirror. Cigarettes emit smoke. Speeches are for people to cough. The ground casts shadows. People cast silhouettes. Windows cast silhouettes. Reins are for people to throw, and for men to untie and tie. The ground is for people to trip over. Porches are for people to sit on. Ties are for people to rip off. Hats are for people to knock off. Clothes are to be thrown away, and to have their buttons torn off. Whips are to be thrown, to be struck on the floor, and to be swung around and make a noise. Teasing women is to be whipped. Whips are to be thrown away. Boats are to splash water. Bags are to be dropped. Lamps are for people to lean against. Blinds are to be lowered and then raised. Railings are to cast shadows. Rocking chairs are to be rocked. Liquor bottles are to be kicked and made to slide. Stairs are for people to sit on. Paintings are taken to the judge's house to be shown to women and to reveal their origins. Gunshots are to make a noise. Baskets are to be dropped. Laundry is for people to rummage through. Stones are to be thrown and break windows. Umbrellas become pens. Ropes are to be smashed. No lynching. No kissing. Pillars are for people to lean against. Railings are for people to put their feet on. Chairs are to be tilted. Matches are to be thrown away. Strawberries are for putting in liquor bottles. Lemonade is for spitting out. Lines are for repeating. Hats are for dropping. Trousers are for holding guns. Guns are for emitting smoke. Gun barrels are for slamming down (John Ford often does this). Fences are for people to jump over. Carriages are for people to fall. The ground is for scattering smoke. Piles of barrels are for knocking down. Barrels are for horses to jump over. Thugs make the woman's horse run wild so the man can save her. Hats are for waving, and for dropping and putting down. Trees are for swaying in the wind. Handkerchiefs are for waving. Cigarettes are for dropping and throwing away. Processions grow. Women die so there's a funeral. Badges and cigarettes are for throwing away. Seats are moved. Faces are in the mirror (turning around after seeing people's surprised faces). Canes are for poking people. Seats are for switching places. Books are for slamming shut. The liquor bottles are for dropping. The elections are for losing first and then winning. The cannons are for emitting smoke. The fans are for fanning (excessively). Don't go inside the house. The doors are for opening and letting in the light.

■ "MOGAMBO" (1953) 116 minutes 8/20
People are there to project silhouettes. The water surface is there to shine. The campfire is there to scatter smoke. The hat is there to be dropped. The spear is there to be stuck into the ground. The curtain is swept aside to take a shot of the man coming out. The bottle is held in a reverse grip. The bottle is there to be smashed. The rope is there to be smashed. The hand is bitten by the leopard so that the net is cut, the leopard escapes, and the boss beats him. The hunt is there so that the woman can take a shower at the man's house in the meantime. The hat is there to be thrown aside. The bamboo blind is there to cast a shadow (enough to make people look like zebras). The bra is there to be dropped. The robe is there to be thrown. The cigarette is there to exhale smoke. The king is there to bring the woman to the man. The ship doesn't come so that the woman can stay. The hand is placed on the cage to be surprised. Laughter is there to choke. The dishcloth is there to be smashed. Trees are there to cast shadows. Animal names are there to be mistaken. Desks are there for people to sit on. Snakes are there to bring men and women together. Pillars are there for people to lean against. Having a woman play the piano is there to give instructions about the week's progress. Armrests are there for people to sit on. Documents are there to slam down. Walls are there for people to lean on. Handkerchiefs are there to slam down. Clothes and umbrellas are there to throw down. The ground is there for people to sit on. Heads are there to rest luggage on. Bags become chairs. Knees are there to slap. Ships are there to emit smoke. Hats are there to take off. Desks are there for people to lean on. Glasses are there to drop. Bandages are there to slam down. Sarcasm is there to get slapped in the face. The husband's illness and the woman's departure are there to leave the wife and the man alone together. Desks are there to rest your feet on. Feet are there to push away. High piers are there to make the woman crawl on the ground and go barefoot. The boat breaking down is to bring the woman back. The chair is for resting your feet on. Your feet are for closing the door. The bag and umbrella are for slamming down. The snake is for swatting away. The bottle is for throwing and smashing. The hollow is for making the woman trip. The chair is for sitting upside down. The forest is for rustling. The shorts are for being teased. The documents are for dropping. The fallen tree is for crawling under. The trap is for getting caught in. The scream is for letting people know where you are. The fallen tree is for people to lean against. The thunder is for rumbling. The trees are for swaying in the wind. The storm is for making the man carry the married woman. The hood is for tearing off. The married woman goes for a walk so that the man can help her, act out a love scene on the porch, and let the woman watch. The clothes are for throwing down. The alcohol is so that no one will pour it for you. The piano is for people to lean against. The handkerchief is for throwing down. The table is for banging. The ground is for scattering smoke. Towels are for throwing. Flashlights are for throwing down. Cigarettes are for throwing away. Clothes are for throwing. Gloves are for dropping and putting down. Clothes are for beating down and then beating and folding. Hippos are for splashing water and knocking women over. The embers of the campfire indicate the time. Tree roots are for people to sit on. Trees are for projecting silhouettes. Flocks of birds are for making birds fly away. Waterfalls are for making noise and splashing water. A finger whistle is a signal. Nets are for throwing down. Firewood is for matches and then throwing away. Logs are for people to sit on. Handkerchiefs are for throwing away. The fortune-telling cards are for being startled by a cheetah. Trees are for cutting down. Nets are for tearing. Fallen trees are for people to sit on and put their feet on. Cameras are for dropping. Guns are for emitting smoke. Alcohol is for splashing in people's faces. Glasses are for dropping. Boxes are for throwing things down. Hats are for slamming down. Knees are on the bed. Men and women flirt so that the wife can shoot the man and the woman can make excuses. People get on boats so they can swim back.

■ "THE LONG GRAY LINE" (1954) 137 minutes 8/1
Hats are for taking off. Fountains are for splashing water. Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke. Pipes are for smoking. People don't keep in step. Name tags are for fluttering in the wind. Names aren't called. Plates are for dropping and breaking. Slopes are cleaned so that men slide down with soap and spill trays everywhere. Broken plates are thrown away and broken further. They don't get paid. Tables are for banging. Handrails are for people to sit on. Coins are for throwing things down. People are punched and thrown against piles of plates, causing them to fall and break. Brooms are for throwing, and throwing away. Waiters break plates so they can go penniless and enter military academy. Soldiers are made to break plates to let waiters know that soldiers don't have to pay for them. Questions are not allowed. Brushes are for throwing down. The ground and cannons are for people to sit on. Cannonballs don't go in, and are dropped. Walls are for people to lean against. Kissing is not allowed. Gloves are dropped. Cars emit smoke. Steps are for people to sit on. People bump into each other. Permits are for crumpling up and throwing away. Straw is for people to fall on. Men stand sentry so that the head of combat sports can see them punching a corporal who mistakes them for snitching after they overlooked a couple's rule violation, and get scouted by the boxing club. Car breakdowns get soldiers off the premises. Ropes are for jumping over. Punches don't land. The pommel horse is for people to sit on. The ring is for people to tumble off. The gloves are for slamming down, and for dropping them so the girl can kick them up and the man can pick up the hat that falls in the process. The whistle is for swinging around. The punches are for hitting. The floor is for stomping. The sink is for people to lean on. The bottles are for slamming down. The wrench is for throwing up and grabbing. The girl is a cook so she can live in the arena director's house and help her get together with the man. The woman turns on the water so that water will gush out of the pipes and soak the man. The jaw is for slapping. They don't date so he won't be discharged. The bench is for people to jump on. The girl doesn't speak so that her first word (Yes!) will be dramatic. She won't go back to her hometown. The flag is for casting a shadow and for fluttering in the wind. The jacket and hat are for throwing down. The shoes are for striking matches. The pipe is not for lighting a fire. They eat so that their reunion isn't dramatic. The hat is for being taken. The pool is for splashing water. Swimming becomes aerial swimming. Benches are for resting feet on. Towels are for slamming. Hair growth products are for identifying people. There is no ground. Knives are for smashing and throwing plates. Efrons are for throwing and throwing. Butts are for spanking. Swimming is for getting students who can't get credits in their classes to marry female teachers, have children, and then die. Benches are for pushing people out. The muddy field is for getting players covered in mud. Mud is for smearing on faces. Passes to the sidelines are for knocking over spectators on the benches. Blankets are for dropping. Hot water is for emitting smoke. American football is for losing to learn a lesson, and for reinforcing the image of bucket handlers and injured people. Hats are kept on so they can be taken off. People sit because they can't sit. Newspapers and dishcloths are for slamming. The younger brother is a businessman so that the older brother, who wants to quit the military to help with the business, won't be able to help because he'll be informed of his wife's pregnancy. People are meant to come and go. Umbrellas are meant to be dropped. Glasses are meant to be dropped. Doors are meant to be opened to let in light. Jam sessions are meant to announce the death of a baby. Sabers are meant to be smashed. Beds are meant to be moved. The death of a son makes the students at school his "son". People are meant to project silhouettes. Luggage is meant to be thrown. Trains are meant to emit smoke. Handkerchiefs and hats are meant to be waved. Hats are meant to be thrown up. Trains are meant to project shadows. Transfer requests are meant to be torn up. A father's enlistment examination is meant to mean he will not enlist. A husband becomes a servant. Knives are meant to be smashed. Cannons and bonfires are meant to emit smoke. Toilets are meant to be burned. Shawls are meant to be smashed. Bells are meant to ring. Books are meant to be thrown down. Matches are meant to be thrown away. Cigarettes are meant not to be smoked. Discharge is meant to mean re-enlistment. Seniors tease juniors because they can't be teased anymore. Churches announce the start of war. Cannons are for people to lean on. Tables are for striking matches. Train whistles sound. Annulments send soldiers to the front lines and earn medals. Cigarettes are thrown away for people to pick up. Governors make instructors angry. Arguments make people nod in agreement. Instructors go to get medicine and shawls so they don't have to be with their wives when they die. Snow falls. Hats are for brushing snow off. Sinks are for striking matches. Eggs are for throwing shells and for burning and emitting smoke. Step ladders become chairs. Empty cans are for throwing. Bread is for throwing. Ashtrays are for throwing. A lonely Christmas means you won't spend it alone. Tables are for people to sit on. Pillows and balloons are for throwing. Welcomes become forced deportations. Gloves become handkerchiefs.

■ "MISTER ROBERTS" (1955) 121 minutes 7/23
People are there to project silhouettes. Palm trees are there to sway in the wind, and also to serve as medals. Pencils are there to chew on. Hats are there to throw down. Floors are there for people to slip on. Sickness is there to avoid getting sick. Bags are there to throw down. Decks are there for people to lie down on. Spatulas are there to drop things on, and also to bang on the floor. Whistles are there to ring out. Clothes are there to polish binoculars. Iron plates are there to knock over. Tables are there for people to sit on. Luggage is there for people to lean on. Clothes are there to throw, and also to slam down. Beds are there for people to lean on. The space under the bed is there to hide things. Hats are there to bang down. Pillows are there to throw down. Alcohol + cola + iodine tincture + hair tonic makes red label scotch. Women are called in to make scotch. You can't taste it. Chairs are there to tilt. Books are for smashing. Toilet paper rolls become bombs. Marbles make a noise. Magazines are for throwing down. Knees are for slapping. Lockers are for banging. Sailor fights are for forbidding them from taking off their shirts, then getting the lieutenant to lift the ban and infuriating the captain. Working in the heat makes you take off your shirt. Boats are for crashing into ships. Ears are for holding pencils. Receiving a megaphone is for swatting it back. Masts are for casting shadows. Stairs are for people to sit on. Walls are for people to lean against. The sea is for jumping in and splashing water. Flags are for fluttering in the wind. One nurse stays on land to take a shower so she can be seen through binoculars. The ship becomes a diving board. Landing permits are revoked. Plastic bags are for throwing down. Doors are opened for closing. Scotch bribes are for making liquor and for silencing lieutenants. The sailors want to go ashore to prevent the lieutenant from requesting a transfer and to increase his distrust of the lieutenant. Partial permission is granted to grant permission to the whole. Towels are for throwing. The ground shines and becomes a mirror. Stairs become beds. Crew members become luggage. Stairs are for sitting. Railings are for people to sit on. Motorcycles are for jumping into the sea and creating a spray. Ropes are for slamming into the water. Cigarettes are for throwing away. The ship's whistle is for blaring. The water's surface shines and ripples. The soldiers who go ashore cause a ruckus to get them expelled from the ship and anger the captain. Tables are for resting feet on. Bunk beds are for talking upside down. Explosions are for spilling alcohol. The ship becomes a washing machine. Towels are for slapping and leaving. Not answering means doing it later. The radio is for getting the lieutenant to uproot the palm tree, anger the captain, turn on the microphone, and let the crew hear his conversation with the lieutenant to restore their trust. Watering with a watering can is to signal the absence of palm trees. Sirens are to blare. Waves are to create splashes. Tables are to be banged. Watering cans are to be smashed. Insulting subordinates is to praise them. Fire extinguishers become liquor barrels. Glasses are to be smashed down. The first letter is to make the next letter dramatic. The letters are to set the laundry officer in a confrontation with the captain.

■ "THE SEARCHERS" (1956) 117 minutes 8/3
People are to project silhouettes. Skirts are to flutter in the wind. Chairs are for people to stand on. Horses are for people to jump off. Porches are for people to sit on. Rocking chairs are to rock. Bags of gold coins are to throw. Chairs become piggy banks. Chimneys and the ground are to scatter smoke (it's incredible). Chairs are for resting your feet on. The pastor sits with his back to the gunman and makes him take an oath to make their reunion dramatic. The feet are for kicking doors shut. The younger brother goes out to search in his place so that the remaining brother can be killed. They call each other by the wrong names. The hats are for waving. The spears are for identifying people and for sticking into the ground. The fallen trees are for leaning rifles against. The rifles are for throwing. The hats are for dropping. The butts are for kicking. The cattle are stolen so that the family can be attacked while they are out searching. The birds are for flying away. The gun belts are for shaking. The question marks are for glowing. The lamps are for turning off. They scream so that they can be beaten. The windows are for people to go in and out. The graves are for hide-and-seek. The people cast shadows. The horns are for sounding. The horses are kept from resting to highlight the young man's inexperience and to delay his arrival so that the gunmen can get to the house first. The fires are for spewing flames and smoke. The clothes are for dropping. They try to enter the house so that they can be beaten by the gunmen. The dolls are for identifying people. Because burials are interrupted. Because requests are ignored. Rocks and the ground are for people to sit on. Stones, stickers, and rocks are for throwing away. Corpses are for shooting out the eyes. Graves are for desecrating. Hats are for brushing dust off trousers. Water bottles are for throwing, and for throwing back. Water is for spitting out. The surface of the water becomes a mirror, and ripples are created when people walk on it. Campfires are for scattering. Mist is for rising. Scarves are for holding hats in place. Rifles are for swinging. Rivers are for crossing and splashing, and for attacking from the opposite bank. Fallen trees are for shields, and for people to lean against. Guns emit smoke. The priest's gun runs out of ammo so that the gunman will throw the gun to him, and the priest will throw his hat back. The young man hesitates to shoot so that it indicates his inexperience. Trousers are for holding guns. The muzzle of a rifle is for lowering. The wounded are there so the gunman can shoot them. The scarf is there to be thrown down. The number of searchers decreases. The water bottle is there to highlight the young man's inexperience. The canyon is there to make the voices echo. The rifle is there to be thrown down. The Comanches are sent in a squad so that one gunman can find the girl's body. The rifle becomes a whip. The hair is there to flutter in the wind. The coat is there to wrap the body. The gunshots are there to ring out. Revenge is met with a counterattack. The snow indicates the passage of time. The apron is there to be taken off and rolled up. The hat and socks are there to be kicked off. The clothes are there to be thrown down. The young man takes a bath so that he can face his lover naked. The water is there to be poured over his head. The boots are there to be thrown down. The toolbox is there for people to sit on. The cotton cloth is there to identify people. The wall is there for people to lean against. The clothes are there to be thrown down. The knife is there to be thrown down. Letters are read because one cannot read. Aprons are to be slammed down. Benches are to knock people over. Clothes are to be thrown. Coins are to be thrown down. Blankets are to be dropped. Campfires are to scatter smoke. Firewood is to be thrown down. Horse tack becomes a person. Rocks are for people to hide behind. Hats are to be shot and emit smoke. Cliffs are to make people fall. Traders are shot in the back to make the gunman suspect them. Firewood is to be dropped. Guests are not allowed to leave. Spelling is done incorrectly. Letters are to be crumpled up and thrown into the fireplace. The fire on the letter is to be stomped on and put out. Armrests are for people to sit on. Fallen trees are for people to sit on. Traveling merchants marry Indian women to young men and then send them back to the camp to be massacred. Young men marry to marry their lover to a guitar player. Cups are to be slammed down and thrown. Slopes are for kicking people down. Stones form arrows. Water surfaces are for shining. Trees are for stopping horses, and wild oxen are for killing them all. Tree branches are for securing rifles. Rifles are for smashing down. Ice floes are for drifting. Snowy slopes are for people to descend. Tents are for burning and knocking down. Hats are for identifying people. Flags flutter in the wind. Horses exhale white breath. The ground casts shadows. Cavalry are for attacking Comanches and forcing gunmen to identify the girls. Trees become babies. The search takes time to turn the girls into Comanches and to marry the young man's lover to the guitarist. Horses and people cast silhouettes. Hats are placed on horses to identify people. Fences and blinds cast shadows. Hats are for taking off and putting on. Alcohol is for not drinking and for spitting it out. The liquor bottle is to be smashed down. The woman cannot seduce the young man. The bag is to be thrown down. The liquor is to be thrown into the fireplace and set ablaze. The hat is to flutter in the wind. The scalp is to reveal the girl. The spear is to hang the scalp. The medal is to identify the person. The scarf is to flutter in the wind. The reward is to be returned. The stone is to drain the water. The slope is for the girl to run down. The ridge is to reveal the girl. A person is used as a shield. The gunman tries to shoot the girl so that he will be shot by the Indian. The horse is to throw a person off. A person is dragged by a horse. The cave is for a person to hide in. The rock face is for water to drip. The rock is for a person to lean against. The will is to be thrown, and also to anger the young man by letting him know that the girl is not related. The knife is to be smashed down. The floor is to be stomped on. The fan is to hit a person. The bar is to be closed. Spurs are for making a noise, or for taking them off, or for throwing them down. Tables are for people to sit on. Gloves are for slapping down. Mantelpieces are for people to lean against. Candles, ribbons? are for swaying in the wind. Young men embrace their lovers in order to duel their fiancés. Gloves are for throwing up. Gun belts are for dropping down. Firewood is for marking lines, and for spitting. Beds are for collapsing. Carts are for tipping over. Handkerchiefs are for biting. Fans are for slapping one's backside. Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke. Fireplaces are for throwing cigars. Gold coins are for tossing. Guns are for spinning. Clothes are for spitting out dust. People are mistaken for others. Hats are not taken off in order to take them off. Stairs are for people to sit on. Wind is for making a noise. A whistle is a signal. Cliffs are for dropping people. Stones are for throwing at dogs. Hats are not meant to be slammed down. Sabers are drawn to surprise people. Horses are not meant to be ridden. Screams are meant to echo. Horses are meant to knock people down by crashing into them. Fences are meant for horses to jump over. Tents are meant for horses to enter. Scalps are meant to be skinned. Horses are meant to scatter people. Children are meant to be picked up and run away with. Buttocks are meant to be injured and pull down pants. The elbow of the right arm is meant to be touched with the left hand. Dust is meant to be kicked up. Doors are meant to be closed and fade out.

■ "THE WINGS OF EAGLES" (1956) 105 min 9/1
The wooden crates are for people to sit on and rest their feet on. The cigarettes are for throwing away. The wings are for hitting. The slopes are for sliding and falling. The mouths are for not getting caught. The water surface is for projecting shimmering light onto the ground. The airplanes are for emitting smoke and splashing water. The drums are for people to sit on. The hats are for hitting. The chimneys are for emitting smoke. The umbrellas are for throwing. Forward becomes backward. People sit on the roof of the train so they are startled by the airplanes and fall into the sea, splashing water. The hangars are for flying through. The walking sticks are for throwing away. The cars are for emitting smoke, for people to cling to, and for knocking over chairs and tables. The trees are for cutting off the airplane's wings. The pools are for the runways and for splashing water. The army is meant to be mocked. The wife hugs her husband so the army will be rude and hit him. The hit will miss and spin. The hat is meant to be thrown down (many times). The cloth is meant to be folded. The ground is meant to release smoke. The car is meant to throw people out of. The miniature is meant to be thrown. The wall is meant for people to lean against. The son is meant to die. The door is meant to be slammed shut. The hat is meant to be taken off. The desk is meant for people to sit on. The cigarette is meant to exhale smoke. The match is meant to be thrown away. The desk is meant for people to lean on. The documents are meant to be dropped. The basket, parasol, bucket, and towel are meant to be thrown down. The butt is meant to be spanked. The player's lid is meant to be slammed shut. The chair is meant for people to put their feet on. The letter is meant to be dropped. The desk is meant for people to lean on and put their feet on. The hat is meant to be swatted away. The feet on the desk are meant to be slammed down. The newspaper is meant to be thrown down. Phones are hung up on. Napkins are shaken. Glasses are slid across the table. Tables are slammed. Napkins are thrown down. Cakes are pressed in faces. Hats are thrown away. Tablecloths are ripped off and used as towels, then slammed down and thrown away again. Tables are for people to lie on and then flipped over. Bottles are handed over and used to hit people. People are carried on the shoulders of others. The kitchen is run through and people jump into the pool, splashing water everywhere. Excuses are snatched away. Champagne is poured and spilled. Bottles are thrown away. Speeches are interrupted. Parties are brawls. The ground is for people to sit on. Trees cast shadows. Balls are kicked. Fathers are pushy salespeople. Bags, clothes, stuffed animals, and bouquets are thrown down. Cushions are kicked. Chairs are for people to stand on. Feet are used to close doors. High heels are thrown down. Bouquets are thrown down. Napkins are to be thrown up and grabbed. Sofas become beds. Pillows are to be dropped. A daughter's crying is to make her father fall down the stairs and become paralyzed from the waist down. Gowns are to be dropped. Wheelchairs are to be spun around. Rain is to drip. Wheelchairs are to be jumped over. Bottles are to be thrown around. Hangers become bottle racks. Teeth are to be used to uncork and spit out. Bottles are to be thrown away. Books are to be thrown down. Pool therapy is to blow out bubbles. Books and cloaks are to hide bottles. Blankets are to be thrown down. Walking sticks are to hold alcohol. Light becomes a band. Matches are to be collected. Trees are to sway in the wind. The preview screening is to take a comrade's taxi to the airport. Grilles and blinds are to cast shadows (the lighting is bad). Chairs are to hang walking sticks on. Newspapers are to be slammed against the door. Glasses are to be thrown down. Ashtrays are for spilling ashes. Backrests are for people to sit on. Telephone calls take time to connect so they can hear news of the war. Levers are for hitting and pushing. Records are for firing and for throwing bags to stop them. Caregiving is not allowed. Glasses are for holding in the mouth. Comrades' visits are for giving ideas. Trees are for licking the foreground of the screen. Cannons are for emitting smoke and for glowing. Airplanes are for being hit and spitting flames, crashing and splashing water, crashing into aircraft carriers and coming to a stop, and casting shadows. Ships are for exploding and emitting smoke. Cigarettes are not for lighting. Machine guns are for emitting sparks. Canes are for knocking over. The water surface is for shining. Ships are for emitting smoke.

■ "THE HORSE SOLDIERS" (1959) 118 minutes 8/19
Horses and men are for projecting silhouettes. Raincoats shine, and are meant to be dropped. Blizzards and bombs roar. Newspapers are meant to be smashed. Lamps become matches. Campfires produce smoke. Hats are meant to be straightened. Pillars are meant for people to lean against. Tables are meant for people to sit on. Trees sway in the wind and cast shadows. Hats are meant to be taken off. Documents, hats, and sabers are meant to be thrown down. Metal is meant to be smashed. Knives are meant to be dropped. People are meant to be pushed aside. Bags are meant to be dropped. Lamps are meant to prevent saluting and to be shaken when hit on the head. Clothes are meant to be dropped. Chairs are meant to be knocked over. Liquor bottles are meant to be thrown and broken. Medical examinations are meant to replace the sergeant. Flags are meant to flutter in the wind. The ground produces smoke. Trees cast silhouettes. Fences are meant to be pushed down, jumped over, and leaned against. Horses are there to throw people off. The ground is there for people to sit on. Fallen trees are there for people to lean on. Soldiers are shot so that the military doctor can treat them. Trousers are there to hold documents. Advice is not heeded. Childbirth is there so that the military doctor can be arrested. The surface of the water is there so that it reflects light. Hats are there to wave. Campfires are there to kick out. Doors are there to kick open. You can't spit. You don't take off your hat so that you'll be mocked. You can't refuse. Handkerchiefs are there to be dropped. Women stand so that everyone can stand. Legs become leg flesh, breasts become breast flesh. Candles become matches, and are also flickered in the wind. Handkerchiefs are there to be dropped and picked up. Pencils are there to be thrown down. Brandy is there to be tested for poison. Chairs are there to hold trays. Smoking cigars is so that they are thrown into the boiler and the eavesdropping is exposed. The boiler becomes a listening device. The doctor is sent out so that the woman can go for a walk to get a shawl and eavesdrop, and then have the women join the group. Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke. Walls are for people to lean against. Chairs are for tilting. Trays are for dropping. The water surface is for mirrors, for throwing the woman off her horse and creating a splash, and for drying the woman's underwear. Blankets are for screens. Hats are for fans. Trumpets are because they cannot be played. Trees are for people to hide behind. The water surface is for creating ripples. Grass is for kicking. Hats are for buckets. Fallen trees are for people to lean against. The woman is made to call for help so that she will faint and water will be thrown in her face. Armbands are for ripping off. Guns are for exhaling smoke and for making gunshots. Rifles are for tying handkerchiefs to and for dropping. Windows are for people to go in and out. The second floor is for people to jump from. Feet are for wiping with feet. Rifles are for throwing away. Villains are for giving information. Beards are for grabbing. Ropes are for smashing. Cotton swabs are for throwing away. Gloves are for smashing. Sand is for throwing and spreading smoke. Porches are for people to sit on. Posts are for people to lean on. Glasses are for smashing. Umbrellas are for knocking from carriages. Luggage and carriages become barricades. People and logs are for rolling off carriages. Guns are for smashing windows. Trains are for emitting smoke. Windowpanes become mirrors. Luggage is for people to sit on. Surrendering is not for people to surrender. The ground is for people to lie on. Posts are for people to hide. The flag bearer is shot so that the flag can be passed on. Tables become stretchers. Gunfire is for getting the wounded treated by a doctor. Cloth is for tearing and smashing. Blood is for throwing into buckets. The railroad tracks are to be removed, burned and bent, and thrown into the river to emit smoke. People are to bump into people. The train is to be burned and emit black smoke. The saloon becomes a hospital. The gun is to smash bottles in people's trousers and get them soaked. The gun is to be thrown. The money is to be thrown around. The bottles and glasses are to be made to slide. The deaths of recruits are to get the colonel to drink. The explosions are to shake the bar, causing bottles to fall and break. The saloon becomes a stable. Soldiers reporting the railway explosions are to be dragged off their horses and thrown out. The buttocks are to be kicked. The stairs are for people to sit on. The money is to be swatted away. The alcohol is not to be drunk. The trousers are to hold guns. The glasses become bowling pins. The torches are to be thrown. The moss becomes a poultice. The servants are killed to make them apologize to the colonel. Doors are kicked open to let mud fall. Coffee tastes bad, so it's thrown into the campfire to release smoke. Cups are thrown, and dropped. Lamps cast shadows, and smoke shadows. Grass is chewed, and thrown away. Stables become operating rooms. Trees are placed in front of the camera. Only children escape after being brought back. Fallen trees are for people to sit on. Cups are thrown away. Slopes are for drums to roll down. Vines are for people to climb down. Fallen trees serve as horse tethers. Hats are smashed. Poultices are taken to cut off legs and force the dead colonel and doctor into a duel. Cannons are used to scatter smoke and dirt, splash water, stop the duel, and blow up houses to scatter smoke. Gun barrels are smashed down. Fallen trees serve as shields, from which people are dropped, from which horses are jumped, and from which people crawl. Buttocks are for spanking. Swamps are for crossing and splashing water. The surface of the water projects shimmering light onto the ground. Hats are for identifying people and for throwing away. People cast shadows on other people's bodies. Gunshots bring the colonel and the woman together. Exits are for getting lost. The colonel is shot in the leg so that he and the woman who is taking off his boots can look at each other and so that he can immediately get back to work. He will not surrender. He will not drink alcohol. There will be no farewells. Roofs are for people to lean on. Flag covers are removed. Bridges make the sound of hooves, from which people are dropped and splashing water, and torches are for dropping. Barricades are for horses to jump over. Horses are for knocking people down. Buglers are shot so that they can continue playing. Scarves are for throwing away. The hot water is for exhaling smoke. The water bucket is for passing on. The hood is for taking it off. The cigar is for being smoked and for lighting the fuse to exhale smoke. The hat becomes a whip. The bridge is for blowing up and scattering smoke and debris.

■ "SERGEANT RUTLEDGE" (1960) 112 minutes 8/24
Bags are for throwing. Hats and clothes are for dropping and setting down. Scarves are for slapping down. Lint balls are for knocking off. Hats are for taking off. Cigarettes are for not being smoked. Private conversations are for not being able to talk. Fans are for waving (and are constantly being waved). Spectators are for being removed. Pencils are for dropping and setting down. Glasses are for slapping down. People are for projecting silhouettes. Trains are for scattering smoke (amazing). Dumbleweed is for being hit by the wheels. Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke. Chairs are for resting feet on. Windows are mirrors. Whistles are for sounding. Trains shake to make men and women hug and kiss. Lamps shake. Doors flap in the wind. Lamps shake. No one comes to greet them. Light forms a band. The mission is to leave the woman alone. The clock is to tick (tick-tock). The door is to open and let in light. The bag is to drop. The game pieces are to drop and scatter. The hat is to shake off to identify the person. The book and the table are to hit. The mound of dirt is for people to hide. The ground is for people to sit on. The wind is to make a loud noise (huge). The gun is to exhale smoke. The Indian knife is held in a reverse grip. The knife is to throw away. The sand is to collect to extinguish the blood and exhale smoke (huge smoke). The hat is to hold sand and then throw away. The lid and belt are to drop and set aside. The tooth is to remove the cork and spit it out. The whiskey is for disinfection, and the wind is to scatter the dust. The handkerchief is to wave. The liquor is for water. The water pitcher is to hit and set aside. It doesn't stand up so that it can stand up. The coin is to drop and set aside. The general store is there so that the son, daughter, and sergeant can be seen. The luggage is there so that people can drop it and pick it up. The pillars are there for people to lean on. The gunshots are there so that they ring out. The names are there so that they get the names wrong. The laughter is there so that it's not funny. The parasol is there so that it's dropped. The alcohol is not allowed. The cups are there so that they can be slammed down. The railing is there to cast shadows. There is no cross-examination. The book is there so that it's dropped. The rifle is there to be thrown down. The barrel is there for people to sit on. The gloves are there so that they can be slammed down. The illiteracy is there so that the letter can be read aloud. The letter is there so that the woman cannot be treated. There is no way to talk back. The gloves and hat are there so that they can be slammed down. The vulture is there so that it can fly away. The corpses are there so that they burn and emit smoke. The hat is there to be a fan. The voices are there so that they echo. The Apache is there so that the sergeant can report to the colonel's house, and also so that the boy can be killed, and also so that the sergeant can be active. The rocks are there so that people can lean on them. Clothes to identify the person. Tobacco leaves to blow away. Spears to throw away. Ground to scatter smoke. Books to slam shut. "Water" not to drink. Glasses to forget to return. Confederate books to be seized by the Union. Not to decline legal representation. Ages to be forgotten. Scarves as keychains. Horses to throw people off (many times). Being blown away by a rifle to indicate inexperience. The corporal dies to allow the sergeant to escape. Hats as face coverings. Gun barrels to slam down. Rifles to throw. Torches to throw away. Fires to emit smoke. Rivers to cross and splash water. Bushes to hide people. Running away to return. Handcuffs to be put on and taken off. Scarves as bandages. Guns as splints. Wounded people to be cared for by women. The mallet is for dropping things. The coins are for tossing. The waiting room becomes a casino. The hat is for putting chips in. The spectators are allowed in so that innocence can be proven before them. The fog is for creating a swirling atmosphere. The horse tack becomes a pillow. The ground is for people to lie on. The holes are for filling and scattering sand. The cross is for identifying people and for shining. The jacket is for throwing. The clothes are for throwing. The saber becomes a scale. The whip is for throwing. The paper bag is for dropping. The swing door opens and closes. The bars are for casting shadows. The handkerchief is for dropping. The son is small so that the owner of the jacket can be identified. The chair is for hitting and for people to cling to. The bag, hat, saber, and gloves are for throwing and kissing.

■ "TWO RODE TOGETHER" (1961) 107 minutes 7/22
The chair is for tilting. The railing is for resting feet on. Bells ring out. Hats are waved. Candles become matches. Gamblers hear the sheriff's name and turn back. Pillars are for people to lean on. Horses are for people to get off. Handshakes are for shaking gloves and scattering dust. Drunks get released. Tablecloths are for throwing. Hats are for shaking clothes and scattering dust. Slapping shoulders scatters dust. Coins are for tossing down. Chairs are for resting feet on. Playing cards are for slamming down. Saloon girls propose to the sheriff and get him to run away from town. Water reflects light. Fallen trees are for people to sit on. Matches are for throwing away. Water is drawn from the river for chatting (the two haven't refilled their water). Campfires scatter smoke (it's tremendous). Shawls are for dropping down. Firewood is for throwing down. Bills are for slamming down. Hats are for throwing down. Walls are for casting shadows. Smoke is for casting shadows. Agreements are for hiring civilians. Wagons are for rocking. Butts are for spanking. Powder is for throwing in people's faces. Shovels are for slamming down. No dancing. Feet are for stomping. People are for casting shadows. Grass sways in the wind. Trees cast shadows. The girl draws water from the river so she can take turns with the lieutenant and hold his hand. Fallen trees are for stepping over. The water's surface is like a mirror. Stones are for throwing into the pond. Hats are for slamming down. Scarves are for throwing down. The tent ceiling is for leaning your head against. Stones are for people to sit on. The ground is for casting shadows. The sheriff gets drunk so he can make women yell insults and cry, make the lieutenant sleep with them, make the missionary sons fight and meet their mother in the Indian tent. The campfire is for placing firewood on the shoulders. The feet are for biting. The daughter is to obstruct the sheriff's view. The barrel is for people to sit on. The belly is for flicking people into the river and creating a splash. The gunshot is for the sound of water. The rifle is for throwing, and then throwing away. The river is for people to walk on. The torch is for exhaling smoke. The coffee is for spitting and throwing away. The bush is for introducing the Indians. The lies are for being exposed. The whip is for throwing away. The knife is for the mirror. The firewood is for smashing. The old woman tidies the tents to provide information about the white people. The trees are for people to lean on. The sheriff can't remember the name so the lieutenant has to tell him. The blonde girl doesn't come back so the parents have to take in the other children. The spit is for spitting in people's faces. The man who opposes the chief is forcing the chief to need a repeating rifle. The rock face is for the sound of hooves clicking. The black cape is for taking off to reveal the red clothes. Running away is for being caught and struggling. The table is for people to lean on. The chair is for casting shadows. The boy throws water in the man's face to prevent him from being taken in and render the sheriff's reward useless. The gun is for emitting smoke. The knife is for throwing (overhand). The ground is for scattering smoke. The sand is for picking up and dropping. The sheriff and lieutenant return to town separately to take the boy and the Mexican girl back to town one by one. The stomach is for hitting. The sheriff turns around to see people off when he returns to town to make his reunion with the lieutenant behind him more dramatic. The wall is for casting shadows and for people to lean on. The lack of bluffing is for repetition. The woman knows the lieutenant is single to get him to propose. The cape is for dropping and leaving. The chair is for sitting upside down. The braids are for playing with. Leaving the room is to return and kiss. Frosted glass is to project silhouettes. Wheels are to tie people up. The boy is tied up so that he can take the woman's scissors, kill her, and lynch her. The girl's brother is taken away so that the girl, dressed as a boy, can wear a skirt and dance. Candles are to flicker in the wind. Belts are to hold paper. Dances are to prevent people from asking for them. Feet are to trip people. Punch is to prevent people from drinking it. Questions are to get the girl out of the venue. Punch is to throw away. Doors are for people to lean on. Mouths are to prevent people from getting stuck. Liquor bottles are to throw away. Torches are to burn brightly. The boy passes through the camp when being led away so that the music box placed there can be dropped and played. The music box is to identify people and to be thrown and smashed. Tree branches are to hang people. Hats are to hide faces and to be taken off. The girl enters the tavern so that she is insulted by the proprietress and to get on a stagecoach. The counter is for people to stand on. The garter is for concealing a dagger. The dagger is for stabbing into the counter (stabbing with a reverse grip). The shaking of the carriage is to indicate that someone is on board. The daughter has a toolbox so she can check the sheriff in the mirror. The rifle is fired into the air. Replacing the sheriff through elections is to get the former sheriff and his daughter to leave town.

■ "The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance" (1962) 122 minutes 7/17
Trains and whistles are for exhaling smoke. Whistles and bells are for ringing. Pipes are for clapping hands. Trains are for casting shadows. Hats are for taking off. Cigarettes are for throwing away. Wheels are for people to climb on. Veils are for fluttering in the wind. Fans rotate and also for casting shadows. Going out to throw away trash is for reuniting with old friends. Hats are for gripping. Boots are for putting on. Stagecoaches are for exhaling dust and wiping away dust. Cloths are for throwing down. Guns are for exhaling smoke. Rocks are for people to hide behind. Rifles and safes are for dropping down. Keys are for shooting and breaking. Whips are for throwing up. The keepsake brooch is used to have the villain beat up the lawyer guarding it, severely injuring him so that he can be reunited with his daughter and the gunman, and also to have the lawyer and the villain duel. The wheels are for people to lean on. The bags are for throwing. The books are for shaking off, tearing out pages and smashing. The trees are for casting shade. The carriage becomes a bed. The medical supplies are for taking turns. The hot water is for exhaling smoke. The alcohol is because he can't drink. The lamp becomes a lighter. The cigarette is for exhaling smoke. The sofa is for resting feet on. The dish rack becomes a hat rack. The teapot is for touching and burning. The table is for people to lean on. The jurisdiction is for making the lawyer read a book. The hat is for dropping and kicking. The plates are for slamming down. The piano is for people to sit on. The drunkard is for being thrown out. The butt is for being kicked. The pillar is for people to lean on (again and again). The vase becomes a hat rack. Dishes are placed incorrectly. Dishwashing gets your hands wet so your daughter can read to you instead, letting you know she can't read or write, and forcing a lawyer to be your teacher. Books are thrown down. Grammar is made to be made incorrectly. Hats are thrown down. Chairs are tilted and leaned against the wall. Aprons become fans. The shop is busy so the lawyer can serve, trip the villains, and have the gunmen and villains face off. The noise becomes quiet. Chairs are pulled out of the ground. Customers give up their seats. Whips are used to identify people. Aprons are held tight. Steaks are splattered. Meat is smashed. Coins are dropped and placed down. Guns are not fired. The mouth becomes a bottle opener. Liquor bottles are thrown to break windows. Tables are for people to hide under. Plates and glasses are thrown into pots. Boilers are for hiding liquor. Walls are for people to lean against. Being late to class is to ring the bell. The grid is to cast shadows. Smoking is prohibited. Spelling mistakes are made. Help cannot be offered. Writing on the blackboard is erased. Newspapers are crumpled up and thrown away. Books are lying around so they can be picked up and slammed down. The walls are painted so that empty paint cans can be used as targets for shooting, and then the paint can be splattered on the nearby lawyer and they can be beaten up. The empty cans are to be thrown around. The ground is to scatter smoke. Stakes are to place the empty cans on. Guns are to be thrown down and then thrown back. Liquor bottles cannot be brought into court. The tavern becomes a polling station (although taverns used to serve that function as well (Jun Shimoda, "The True Nature of European Civilization," 44)). The counter is for people to sit on. The youngsters are to be taken off the counter. The table is for banging. The hat is for waving. The mallet is for throwing down. You can't drink alcohol in the tavern. The beam is for bumping your head on. You put your hat on the table so it will be smashed with the mallet and someone will shout "Silence!" The pencil is for swinging around. Recommendations are for being declined. The porch is for people to sit on. People push their way through. The chair is for putting on the table. The pen is for throwing down. The whip is for raising. The lamp is for swinging. The chair is for throwing. The mallet is for knocking down. The swinging door is for opening and closing (many times). The journalist runs out of alcohol so that while he turns off the lamp and goes to the tavern to refill it, the bad guys can sneak into the darkness. The liquor bottle is for banging down. The wall is for shadows. To project shadows, and for people to hide. The daughter goes to the window to spot journalists. Drawers are for people to lean against. Liquor bottles are for throwing, and for throwing and smashing. Tables are for people to climb on. Newspapers are for eating, and for scattering. Iron plates, tables, and chairs are for smashing. Rams are for throwing. Furniture is for knocking over. Drawers are for spilling things. Beds are for rolling people off. Newspapers are for covering faces. Chairs are for throwing and smashing windows. Signs are for shooting and smashing. Journalists are left near death so that lawyers can duel. Beds are for putting bags underneath. Coins are for throwing, and for slamming down. Hats are for putting tips. Letters on glass are for projecting shadows. Lawyers are made to wash dishes so that they can duel in aprons. Signs are for throwing down. Hats are for knocking off. Masks are for casting shadows. Water jars are for shooting and splashing water on people. The lawyer gets shot in the right arm to show he can't win a duel by holding the gun in his non-dominant left hand. Guns are for dropping. Duels take place near a saloon for the public to witness. Cloth is for tearing. Walls are for striking matches. Matches are for throwing away. Hats are for throwing and flying. Doors are for people to lean against. Ropes are for slamming. Glasses are for throwing and shattering. Guns are for sliding and shattering glasses. People are for knocking out and opening and closing swing doors. Bottles are for sliding. Black people can't be kicked out of the saloon. Coins are for throwing down and throwing again. People are for pushing and shattering glass. Bottles are for throwing and shattering. Doors are for pushing down. Tables are for striking matches. Lamps are for throwing and shattering to set the house on fire. Flames are for burning brightly. Fences are for kicking down. Glass becomes a mirror. Placards are for banging on the floor. Manuscripts are for crumpling up and throwing away, or leaving them blank. Candy is for not licking, or throwing away. The rally venue becomes a rodeo. Water for humans is for horses to drink. Hats are for hiding alcohol. Cigarettes are for dropping and putting down. Canes are for pointing at people. Chairs are for people to sit on. Doors are for striking matches. Stairs are for people to sit on. Chairs are for resting feet on. Tables are for people to sit on. People are for projecting silhouettes, or their bodies fade out. Rifles are for throwing and throwing back. Notes are for tearing, crumpling up and burning. Handshakes are for gripping money. The soles of shoes are for striking matches. The conductor brings a spittoon so he can say, "You're the man who shot Liberty Valance." The lit match is extinguished and emits smoke.

■ "DONOVAN'S REEF" (1963) 107 minutes 7/26
The bamboo blinds are to project silhouettes. The trees are to sway in the wind. The mop is to hit people. The sea is for people to jump in and create ripples. The hats are to throw down. The trees are to cast shadows. The heads are for carrying luggage. The women are to delay the baron's dictation. The hats are to lower the brim. The spears are to stick into the ground. The conch shells are to welcome people and to sound. The flags are to flutter in the wind. The wallets are to be slapped over. The cigars are not to be smoked. People are on the platform. The captain talks to his daughter so that the children can hide in the jeep while he's distracted. The cars are to emit smoke and to kick up dust. The towels are to be slapped. The fans are to rotate and to project shadows. The liquor bottles are to slide. The counter is a bottle opener, the gramophone lever is for removing it. Records are for skipping. Wooden boxes are for smashing and scattering coins. Boards are for sweeping away. Slot machines are broken so that you hit the jackpot at the end. Hats are for shaking. Words are for getting wrong. Tables are for people to jump on and knock over. Liquor bottles are thrown with a reverse grip. Brandy is not for throwing. It's for throwing and smashing. Car seats are for people to stand on. Chairs are for people to hit and break. Beer bottles are for smashing and making them foam up. Tablecloths are for smashing. People are for dragging. Liquor bottles are for kicking. Ponds are for standing still in them. It's for jumping in and splashing water. Liquor bottles are for dropping and smashing. Cigarette ash is for dropping and blowing away. Lights are for turning off. Letters are for dropping and putting down. Liquor bottles are for smashing, and throwing and smashing. The woman comes so that the doctor can be sent to another island for medical treatment and his children can become the captain's children. The ground is for people to sit on. The ropes are for people to cling to. The high heels are for taking off and throwing. The sea is for dropping people and creating splashes. The difference in height between the yacht and the boat is so that the woman and the man can fall into the sea together and get the woman soaked. The hat is for throwing. The bag is for dropping into the sea so that the man on the mast can jump in. The mast becomes a diving platform. The crossbar of the canoe is for people to climb over. High heels are worn so that people can fall. Skirts are for people to peek under. Bags are for hitting people. Cars are for people to lean on. High heels and bags are for hitting and setting down. Palm trees become hats. Cars become firecrackers. The ground is for scattering smoke. The woman checks the wounds on her legs so that her legs can be photographed. Clothes are for throwing. Bags and high heels are for throwing down. Lightning flashes, it rumbles, and it wakes people up. A hole in the roof casts a shadow. An umbrella is used indoors. Blinds and rain cast shadows. Doors are opened and closed by the wind. Doors are opened to create gusts of wind that blow women away. People are used as weights. Curtains sway in the wind. Rain allows children to stay at a woman's house, then be taken to a bar to see their sisters. A baseball bat prevents handshakes. Pipes are used for fiddling. Cars cause people to miss their trains. Posters are put upside down. Speakers become megaphones. Women are forbidden so that women can enter. Men are mistaken for captains. Tables are for striking matches. Matches are thrown away. Fights are for calling a truce. Alcohol is not drunk. Glasses are thrown and smashed. Tatami mats are for walking on with shoes on. Shoji screens cast silhouettes. Dancing is stopped. Because the bikini is too small. The shawl is to be thrown aside. The boat is to create a splash. The water ski is to get the woman into a ridiculous swimsuit and then take it off, to capsize the boat, and to make them swim and then call a truce. The hat is to be smashed aside. The ship inspection is to make the captain and the woman swim against each other. The swimsuit is to be smashed aside. Swimming is to create a splash. The transfer request will be canceled. Because she doesn't have a match. The cigarette is to be wet and thrown away. Christmas is to send the woman up in the mountains to get wood, to sing a song of thanksgiving to the valley goddess and to show her the monument, and to invite the children to the doctor's house for a party. The rope is to be thrown aside. The machete is held in a reverse grip. The slope is to slide down. The pillar is for people to cling to. The hat is to be taken off and smashed aside. The cigarette is for exhaling smoke. The slot machine is to make noise. The counter is for people to sit on. The railing is for people to crawl under. The work permit has expired so that the woman can seduce the captain. People cast shadows. The lintel is for people to lean on. The railing is for people to sit on. The hat becomes a fan. The children stay up late so that the captain and the woman can kiss on the second-floor terrace. The lights are turned off so that the barmaid can sneak in. The woman is thrown into the pond so that she can splash. The table is for people to sit on. The waves are so that they roar and crash. The ears are for holding pencils. The spelling is meant to be misspelled. The trees are for people to lean on. The lattice casts shadows. The inheritance is meant to be renounced. The blinds are meant to be used to photograph people. The bell rings loudly. The emergency patient is meant to get the daughter to help. The priest cries so that he can be replaced by the baron and the captain can sit next to the woman. The wall casts shadows. Hats are to be taken. Phonographs are offered as tribute. Candles are extinguished to release smoke. Rain is used to provide umbrellas in church, to allow the captain and woman to share an umbrella, and to knock the big man's hat off and spray water in his face. The water's surface is to reflect light. The maid worships the portrait to give the woman a clue. The priest visits the grave to tell the woman the truth. Documents are to be misread. Women on bicycles are to abduct sailors. Walking sticks are to hit the counter. Chairs are to be thrown over. Sheet music is to be crumpled up and thrown away. People come looking for suits to pick a fight (the absurdity of suddenly coming looking for a suit). Hats are to be spun around. Pianos are to be knocked over and used to crush people. Liquor bottles are held upside down and used to hit people. Bottles are to be stomped on. Counters are for people to climb over. Bicycles are to be knocked over. Chairs are to be thrown. Trays are used to hit people. The reason for hitting people is to throw them into the slot machine, make them pull the lever, and use the coins that come out to get the priest to hit the jackpot and pay for the roof repairs. The windows are to throw people into and break them. The bouquets are to throw away. People are to be piled up. The chairs are turned upside down. The chairs become necklaces. People are to be carried. The coins are to be ejected. The escort is to hold the umbrella. The stairs are for people to sit on. The ceremony is to reconcile the father, daughter, and her sister. The trousers are to hold the hat. The coins are piled up to be knocked down. The umbrella is to hit people. The counter and porch become model railroad boards. The priest hammers nails to hit his fingers with a hammer and curse to incur God's wrath. The hammer is to be dropped. The umbrella is to be entrusted with. The bumpy road is to throw the woman off the back of the jeep and slam her buttocks onto the ground. The reason the bar owner is disliked is to sell the bar and make a truce. The reason they argue over the children's names is to make a truce. Because kissing is not possible. The hat is to be dropped. The butt is to be spanked. The body is on the bed. The fountain is for kissing. Because there is no return to the country. The furniture is being moved out so that it can be moved back.

■ "CHEYENNE AUTUMN" (1964) 144 minutes 8/17
The ground is there to cast shadows. Chimneys and bonfires are there to scatter smoke. Windmills are there to turn. Staffs are there to stick into the ground. Sand is there to pick up and drop. Flags are there to flutter in the wind. Chairs are there to hang clothes on. Aprons and hats are there to slam down. Plates are there to drop. Tables are there to stick your feet out. Indians are there to wait and turn back. Elders are there to fall and then get up. Staffs are there to knock down. The ground is there to scatter smoke. Cups are there to slam down. Committees don't come. Cigars are there to slam away. Fences are there for people to sit on and to cast shadows. Paper is there to crumple up and throw away. Women's protests are there so the Indians can hear. Bells are there to ring. Students don't come to the classroom so the female teacher can accompany the Indians. Luggage is there to slam down. Blackboards become love letters, and message boards. Women have their backs to the blackboard to be surprised by what's on it. The ground is for people to sit on. Campfires are for hiding weapons. Trees are for being struck. Wind is for making noise and kicking up dust. Light forms sashes. Lattice screens cast shadows. Ropes are for swaying. Cigarettes are not smoked. Knives are held in a reverse grip (again and again). Rocks are for people to hide. Names are for getting wrong. Horses are for throwing people off, jumping on, and jumping off. Guns are for emitting smoke. Cannons are for emitting smoke and kicking up dust. Advice is ignored. Skirts are for tearing up and using as bandages. Cloth is for swinging around. Knees are used as pillows. Hats are for brushing off dust. Rifles are for smashing. Horses cross in front of the camera. Clothes are for storing packages. Rocks are for dropping and emitting smoke. Burlap sacks are for throwing things down. Rivers are for crossing and splashing water. Newspapers are for banging down. Hats are for hitting people. Firewood is for smashing. Pipes are for not smoking. Braziers are for people to hide in. Hats are for waving and smashing. Grass is for burning and scattering flames and smoke. Horses are for crashing into people and knocking them down. Carriages are for burning and scattering smoke. Disobeying orders is for getting shot in the leg and leaving to rejoin the unit. Valleys are for jumping over. People are for kicking and turning over. Clothes are for wiping knives. Skirts are for wiping food. Foals are for not being stolen. Knives are for stabbing into the ground. There are no buffalo. Pianos are for people to sit on. Trying to see a poker hand is for banging on the table and knocking over the stack of chips. "Madame" is for making people angry. Coins are for throwing. Trains are for spewing smoke. Saloons become stables. Hats become whips. Glasses are for smashing. Bottles are for sliding. Liquor is for spitting into people's faces. Scalps are for throwing and then throwing back. Hats are for dropping. Playing cards are for weighing, listening to the sound, and smashing. Pillars are for people to lean against. Guns are for shooting through pockets and dropping. Piles of coins are for placing cigars. Umbrellas are for waving. Counters are for people to climb over and become operating tables. Shoes are for throwing away. Mallets are for hitting people on the head. Shoes are for striking matches. Liquor is for disinfection. Scarves become bandages. Hats are for kicking. The group of four kill an Indian to bring information to town and get shot in the leg for surgery. Guns are for misfiring. Bottles are for dropping and breaking. Trumpets are for making a bad noise. Bars and prostitutes are for moving. Glasses are for throwing away. Counters are for falling over. Wagons are shot at and emit smoke. Wagons fall over so that women can escape in their underwear, take refuge inside, and show their legs to men to remind them of their existence. High heels come off so that doctors can catch up. Women are embraced so that they fall together. Wagons are narrow so that women can be crammed in upside down. Cavalry leave town so that the townspeople can go out to fight the Indians. Prices are for rewriting. Clothes are for people to sit on (a sight rarely seen). Tables are for resting feet on. Hats are for slamming down. Boots are for hiding liquor. Cigarettes are for stabbing people. Pencils and bottles are for slamming down. Teeth are for pulling out corks and spitting out. Bridges are for people to pass under. Books are for identifying routes and for throwing down. Trousers are for holding bottles. Trees cast shadows. Because you never get discharged. Pencils are for smashing. Birds fly in a V shape. Snow indicates the passage of time. Unauthorized arrival and horse theft are praised. Orders are not questioned. Falling down makes people turn around. Logs are for striking matches. Candles flicker in the wind. Paper is for holding in your mouth. Cloths and paper are for slapping down. Tables are for striking matches. Ice frames windows. Beds are for hiding knives. Pencils are for throwing down. Matches are for blowing out. Campfires are for kicking out. Knees are for slapping. Breath is for exhaling white. Towels are for throwing down. Important people are for making you wait. People make mistakes. Pokers become matches. Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke. Doors are for closing. Cigarettes are for throwing into the fireplace. Glass becomes mirrors. Searchlights project human silhouettes onto windows and also project light. Complaints are for venting. Mantelpieces are for leaning against. Firewood is for throwing into the fireplace. Drinking heavily leads to being fired. Glasses are for throwing and smashing. Bottles are for smashing lamps. Keys are for throwing. Cloaks are for dropping. Windows are for smashing and for people to come and go. Doors are for breaking down and kicking open, and for shooting open. Mothers are shot so they can take their babies. Rifles are for smashing. Surrendering leads to abuse and killing. Water buckets are for dropping into bonfires to release smoke. Rocks are for people to sit on. Cloaks are for swinging and passing. Coffee tastes bad. Rifles are for passing. Gun barrels are for smashing. Gun belts are for dropping and leaving. Cloaks are for throwing. Rifles are for smashing. Stealing someone else's wife leads to being killed. Killing people is done to hand over the package to the chief. Hats are for taking off and dropping. Horses and people are for projecting silhouettes.

■ "SEVEN WOMEN" (1965) 88 min 8/28
The ground is for scattering smoke. Blinds are for swaying (to create wind) and for casting swaying shadows. The ground is for people to sit on (they sit on the ground all the time). The grid is for projecting shadows. Because they cannot understand each other's language. Blinds are for projecting shadows (they are thorough about it). The daughter is in her underwear so the headmistress can peek at her. The rocking chair is for rocking. The porch is for people to sit on. The trees are for casting shadows. Because the doctor won't come. The tree roots are for people to sit on. The walls are for projecting shadows. The matchbox is for throwing down. The tray becomes an ashtray. Sitting before prayer is to extinguish cigarettes and stand up. Cigarettes are for exhaling smoke and because they cannot be banned. Women's words are meant to make men laugh. Tables are for people to lean on. Torches are meant to spread flames and smoke. Pillars are meant for people to lean on. Chairs are used as coat racks. Clothes are meant to be thrown down. Talk of bandits is meant to scare pregnant women. Don't knock. Bells are meant to be rung. Refugees are meant to spread infectious diseases. Singing processions are meant for evacuation. Cups and vases of water are meant to be thrown away. Bamboo poles are meant to be used to throw down clothes. Clothes are dropped so that no one will pick them up. Empty cans are meant to be thrown away. Carts are meant to be burned. Curtains are meant to flutter in the wind. Pencils are meant to be dropped. Bonfires are meant to spread smoke. Matches are meant to be thrown away (repeated many times). Shovels are meant to be stuck into the ground. Trays are meant to be placed on the ground. Cigarettes are meant to be thrown away (repeated many times). Taking naps is meant to be woken up by emergency patients. Plates are meant to be torn off. To be late for evening prayer. Bottles to be smashed down. Tables for people to sit on. Drinking to anger people. Tile to be unfastened and thrown down. Trees for people to lean on. Burning in the distance to spew flames and smoke. Gunshots to ring out. Guards leave to let the bandits take over the fort. Rifles to smash windows because there is no escape. Bags and hats to be knocked off. Bags to be knocked off. Medical bags to be exchanged for female doctors. Clothes to be dropped. Skirts to be kissed. Swords to be used as barricades. Husbands leave the village and their wives behind so they will be killed and only the women will remain. Rocking chairs to be rocked with feet. People to cast shadows. Sheds to be places of confinement. Torches and bonfires to cast flickering shadows. Liquor bottles to be thrown. Doors to be pushed open. The refugees are shot. The shooting is so the female doctor can beat the big man. The cigarette packs are to be thrown away. The bowls are to be thrown. The command to stand up is so that people won't stand. The chest of drawers is so that people can cling to it. The headmistress won't help with the birth. The clothes are to be smashed and put down. The branches are to be broken on the knees and also to be chewed on. The wooden boxes are for people to sit on and also to be used as stepping stools. The walls are for people to climb. The birth is so that the female doctor can go to the bandits to get the medical bag, milk, etc. The sheets are to be torn. The water is to be poured over the head. The towels are to be thrown. The wooden boxes are for people to lean on. The cigarettes are to be dropped and thrown away. People form barricades. The sheets are to be thrown out of the room. The bowls of alcohol are to be thrown against the wall. The bowls of food are to be knocked over. The medicine given to the baby is so that the female doctor will mistakenly receive poison. The song is to be stopped. The clothes are to be smashed and thrown away by the female doctor. The sand is to be thrown in people's faces. The giant is to be killed by the chief. The people are to be carried. The knees are to be used as pillows. The baby is weak so that the group can leave, leaving the female doctor behind. The belt is to hold the bottle. The fog is to create a swirling effect. The people are to project their silhouettes. The table is to rest one's feet on. The teacup is to be thrown away. The grapes are to be spat out and thrown away. The chief has the female doctor pour the wine so that poison can be put in it. The teacup is to be smashed